HLTB15H3 Lecture 8: Lecture 8

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23 Mar 2011

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Methods of data collection: secondary data, primary data. Which method should be used to collect primary data: purpose of the study and the nature of the investigation, resources available, researcher skills, geographical distribution of the study population, type of study population (ses, physical ability) Interest of the study population in the research. 1: participants are unable to provide objective information. Interested in behaviour rather than in perceptions www. notesolution. com. Researcher participates in the activities of a group, with or without their knowing. Examine the reactions of the general population towards people in wheelchairs. Examine the mental health of imprisonment: non-participant observation. Researcher does not get involved in the activities of the group; passive observer, draws conclusions. Study the functions carried out by nurses in a hospital. Nurses may resort to carrying out more functions. Hawthorne effect: observer bias, possibility of incomplete. Interpretations drawn may vary observation and / or recording.

Related Questions

Many scientific studies of dietary health effects are observational. Compared to experimental studies, observational studies can extend over a longer time period, use a more representative population, and measure disease outcomes in addition to risk factors for disease. In an observational study, researchers enlist a study group, and use questionnaires and medical tests to quantify participants' health behaviors and status at the start of the study. The researchers continue to collect data on the participants over many years. Information about each particpant's diet, lifestyle habits, risk factors, and disease outcomes are all recorded and analyzed. A landmark study of this type -- called the Nurses' Health Study -- was begun in 1976 with more than 120,000 female nurses. Data from a subset of this group (80,082 women) was used to study dietary fat intake from 1980 to 1994. One goal of that study was to measure the effect of dietary trans fats on cardiovascular health. Do you understand how the Nurses Health observational study of dietary fats was set up and carried out? Sort the statements into the appropriate bins depending on whether they represent factors that varied from participant to participant at the start of this study, factors that were consistent from the start of the study, and factors that were measured in the study.

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Health Administration Set Primary Article: Al-Amin, M., Makarem,S. C., & Canose, J. (2016). The effects ofhospital-level factors on patientsâ ratings of physiciancommunication. Journal of Healthcare Management, 61(1),28â43.

Reference Article: White, H. L., & Glazier, R. H. (2011). Dohospitalist physicians improve the quality of inpatient caredelivery? A systematic review of process, efficiency and outcomemeasures. BMC Medicine, 9(58).

Milestone One Worksheet

Please complete this table to add context to your responses inthe Research Methods table below. Your instructor will providefeedback.

List the title and author of the article you chose.
Describe the purpose of the study.
What is the research question in the study?
What is the hypothesis of the study?

Research Methods: In this section of youranalysis, you will take a deep dive into the research methods usedby the authors of the study you chose to analyze. It is importantthat you are able to identify, describe, and discuss the datacollection and data analysis methodology used by theresearchers.

Important: Once you receive instructor feedbackon this table, revise it and include it in youfinal project submission in Module Seven.

Research Methods Table

Critical Element	Response to the Critical Element	One Example
Identify whether the study design is experimental orobservational. Support your identification with examplesfrom the study.
Identify the methods used to collect the dataand explain why the methods are appropriate based on the researchquestion.
Identify the data collected as quantitative orcategorical. Support your identification with examplesfrom the study.
Discuss the potential weaknesses of the datacollection methods used. Support your discussion withexamples from the study
Identify the data analysis methods used andexplain why the methods are appropriate based on the researchquestion.
Discuss the potential weaknesses of the data analysismethods used. Support your discussion with examples fromthe study.
Describe the key demographics of the populationsampled and identify the inclusion and exclusion criteria forparticipants.

yellowmarten498

In August and December of 1998, a researcher collected behavioraldata by observing the hippo population(consisting of one adultmale, one adult female, and one subadult female) of the Toledo Zoo.The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of enclosuredifferences on the behavior of the hippos. During the Agust datacollection period, the hippos were observed in a large,naturalistic outdoor enclosure called a hippoquarium. Data werecollected during public veiwing hours (10:00AM-6:00PM). The hipposwere fed daily st 6:30PM, off exhibit. Thus, feeding behaviorsduring periods of data collection were rarely observed.Animal/keeper interactions were rare when the animals were housedoutdoors. During the December observations, the hippos were housedindoors in small, barren enclosure consisting of concrete walls anda small pool. Indoor data were collected during public veiwinghours (10AM-5:00PM) and the hippos were fed daily at 11:00AM.Consequently, feeding behaviors were observed daily. In addition,interactions with keepers were about 10 times more frequent whenthe animals were housed indoors than outdoors.

Question: How could this study be imporved?

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HLTB15H3 Lecture 8: Lecture 8

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