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HLTB21H3 Lecture : lecture 2

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rosemuskrat776
2 Nov 2010
School
UTSC
Department
Health Studies
Course
HLTB21H3
Professor
Caroline Barakat

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Document Summary

Hunter-gatherer were relatively healthy, highly transmission diseases or did not require vectors for transmission (sexual, direct contact) Cities, urban life, domestication of animals more frequent outbreaks. Diseases of antiquity (5000 bc - 700 ad) -- black death. Propagated from parasites with long period of transmission. Occurred because of person to person contact + zoonotic. Agricultural processes along the nile river - fertile land, inundation/ irrigation became common. produced good environment for parasites to grow. Snail fever - blood fluke disease/ endemic hematuria/ schistosomiasis. 18th century with europeans, outbreak of ww2. Athens & sparta - war, 27 years. Outcome of the war athenians blamed losing because infected by plagues. 430 bc ethiopia egypt ship by athens. Of athenians including leader of athens - pericles. Identity was unknown - what was done to avoid. Established 27 years bc, vast trade network. Malaria bad air, breathing bad air from marshes in the summer.

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Related Questions

Scenario: Tularemia outbreak in rabbits in a popularoutdoor recreational area: A few days before of a longholiday weekend, the local health department is notified that therehas been a large die-off of rabbits at a reservoir popular forcamping, swimming, boating, hiking, fishing and many other outdoorrecreational activities. It is expected that at least 10,000 peoplewill visit the area over the weekend. Upon investigation andsampling, the local health department confirms Tularemia is thecause. The affected area is adjacent to the swim beach, the RVpark, and main trail heads.

Question:

  • Provide a scholarly analysis of the zoonotic disease in theabove scenario, highlighting the unique attributes of this illness,and support why it is a public health concern. Explain thesituational background and why a public health response would bewarranted.
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  • Cite the sources within your text and reference list at theend

44.Charlotte touches a doorknob after an individual with MRSA touched the doorknob. Immediately after touching the knob, Charlotte scratches her leg and transmits some MRSA cells into a small wound.The doorknob is functioning as a(n) a. etiologic agent. c. mode of transmission. b. reservoir. d. host. 44.A man infected with a viral respiratory infection sneezes and releases tiny droplets containing viral particles. Two minutes later, a woman breathes in some of these tiny droplets and becomes infected by the same viral infection. The movement of this virus from one individual to another is best described as the a. etiologic agent. c. mode of transmission. b. reservoir. d. host. 45. Although sporadic outbreaks of measles occur in the United States, the disease is considered nonendemic. What differentiates measles from endemic diseases, such as chickenpox? a. Endemic diseases exhibit higher numbers of cases than a sporadic outbreak. b. 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Which of the following lists correctly identifies nosocomial infections from most common to least common? a. urinary tract, pneumonia, septicemia b. pneumonia, urinary tract, surgical wounds c. septicemia, surgical wounds, diarrhea d. diarrhea, urinary tract, pneumonia 49. Mary, an elderly woman with an indwelling catheter, is admitted to a local hospital for treatment of pneumonia. Three days after her admission, Mary’s husband receives a call from the hospital. He is informed that Mary has a nosocomial infection. Which of the following statements is true? a. The nosocomial infection referred to is pneumonia. b. Mary has most likely developed a urinary tract infection. c. Of all hospital patients, 25–30% develop nosocomial infections. d. Mary’s nosocomial infection could have been prevented with improved ventilation. 50. A nurse working in a large hospital harbors MRSA as part of the normal microbiota in his nose. 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Please answer all the questions

In what way did Harlan’s theory give rise to Diamond’s theory?

It recognized agriculture might have developed by different mechanisms in different parts of the world.

Both make the assumption that hunter-gatherers were (and still are) superior to agriculturists.

It recognized the reason agriculture did not develop in certain parts of the world was because people lacked the intelligence or skill.
It is a basic case of scientific plagiarism - Diamonds theory is identical to Harlans theory.

It recognized that agricultural societies were healthier and better fed than hunter-gatherer societies.

If a plant can grow well all by itself in the wild, yet still retains desirable agronomic traits, the plant is ____________________.

Choose the single best answer

The inability of plants to move makes it difficult for them to:

Disperse seeds, defend themselves, and create oxygen.
Disperse seeds.

Disperse seeds and defend themselves.
Create oxygen.
Defend themselves.

Vavilov hypothesized that in a crop plant's area of origin we should expect:

Greater diversity for trans-domesticated species, but lower diversity for species domesticated in their area of origin.
Greater genetic diversity than in areas outside of the plant's area of origin.
Lower genetic diversity than in areas outside of the plant's area of origin.
Lower diversity for trans-domesticated species, but greater diversity for species domesticated in their area of origin.
Greater herbivore damage because of increased genetic diversity.

Brussel sprouts, cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower are all different varieties of the same species, Brassica oleracea. This group of plants demonstrates that crop breeding can lead to:

Low within variety and high between variety diversity
High within variety and low between variety diversity
Low within variety diversity
High within variety and high between variety diversity
High between variety diversity

______________________ compounds are produced by plants, but are not necessary for the plant's immediate survival. However, they often help protect plants from being eaten.

In discussing the origin of agriculture, the term demographic stress refers to:

Lower productivity of un-cultivated plants due to late-Pleistocene cooling.
A higher incidence of religious practice in societies following the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture.

The situation where human populations are greater than the carrying capacity of the environment.
Hobbes's assertion that hunter-gatherer groups did not posses the knowledge or skills to develop agriculture.
That the stresses on pre-domesticated plant species led to the development of traits that result in the "domestication syndrome”