HLTC21H3 Lecture : HLTC07_Lec 2 - very detailed, near-verbatim

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amethystsardine553

23 Oct 2012

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For exam: not looking for us to memorize numbers. Info that is significant: leading causes, patterns, how is it diff between high-income and low-income, leading cause of death of children in africa . Tutorials: standardized rates of mortality, odds ratio, relative risk ratio. There"s an update to the 2004, that was supposed to be published end of 2011 still in draft info from diff unis and centres. Soon we"ll have update which looks at trends btn 2004-2010; then we can see if the projections are where they"re supposed to be. And how much do they impact diff countries: measures. In order to quantify and describe the burden of disease generally use aggregated data. But these are the best estimates that we have using individual data, aggregate to get estimate of general quantities. Ex) proportion of the pop"n that suffers from particular health problem. Ex) proportion of the pop"n that dies from specific cause.

Related Questions

The following questions are based on the WHOâs Global Burden of Disease Report, 2004, Part 3 Disease Incidence, Prevalence and Disability (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_part3.pdf). What is the essential difference between prevalence & incidence? Why do we need 2 different measures? Couldn't we just use one instead? And if so, which one would you pick?The last paragraph on page 29 states âVariations across regions in the risk of cancer are best shown using age-standardized incidenceâ

Explain why the authors think using age-standardized incidence rates would be âbestâ?

What changes would you expect to see in Figure 18 if the authors had used crude incidence rates instead?

The measure YLD reported in section 13 of Part 3 is similar to the DALY measure in Gordis.

Explain why diseases such as heart disease and cancer (which are leading causes of death worldwide) rank lower than things like unipolar depressive disorders and hearing loss when we look at YLD?

Examine the results for Alzheimerâs and other dementias in Table 7. Which regions have the highest rates and which have the lowest? What factors could help explain these results?

Examine the results for âHearing lossâ in Table 9. Would it be correct to state that the risk of hearing loss increases with age? Explain why or why not.

What questions did you have about the Unit 1 material (if you don't have any, it is okay or if you think of one later and add it as a reply that is fine too.)

salmoncat686

Describe the connection between health, labor productivity, and earnings. Why would the burden of disease in a country affect a companyâs decision to invest in that country?

QUESTION 1 1. The relative importance or burden of a disease within a population will depend on a number of factors including : A. Disease frequency B. Disease severity C. Disease consequences D. All of the above

QUESTION 2 1 . With the epidemiologic transition, there is a reduction in malnutrition and _____ . A. Communicable diseases B. Injuries C. Non-communicable chronic diseases D. Mental health disorders

QUESTION 3 1. A major challenge to developing a burden of disease profile in low and middle-income countries relates to A. Unwillingness to share complete information B. Conflicting disease definitions C. Challenges obtaining information related to cause of death D. All of the above

QUESTION 4 1. The demographic transition describes which of the following changes to society A. Changes in birth and death rates that reflect a modern society B. Declines in mortality followed by a reduction in fertility C. A change in the age structure of the population D. All of the above

QUESTION 5 1. Measures of health status that combine mortality and morbidity data A. Facilitate comparisons both within and across populations B. Help estimate the quantitative health benefits from interventions C. Serve as tools to assist with resource allocation D. All of the above

QUESTION 6 1. The disability-adjusted life year is defined as A. A health gap population summary measure that combines time lost due to disability with that lost due to death B. A measure to compare the gap between the current situation to that of an ideal situation C. A measure that combines the amount of healthy life lost due to morbidity with that lost due to injury. D. Answers B and C

QUESTION 7 1. True or false? A key limitation to mortality-based indicators is that they fail to account for the morbidity caused by disease. True False

QUESTION 8 1. The most widely used composite measure of population health is the DALY, and this epidemiological measure is the sum of morbidity and ________data. A. Years of life lost (YLL) B. Morbidity C. Infant mortality rates (IMR) D. none of the above

QUESTION 9 1. What would be the best source of information on adult and infant mortality (in high income countries)? A. Disease registers B. Vital statistics C. Special survey study D. Hospital clinic statistics

QUESTION 10 1. Which term is best used to describe the proportion of people in a population who have a defined disease at a specific point of time? A. DALY B. Incidence C. Mortality rate D. Prevalence

QUESTION 11 1. Which term is best used to describe new cases of disease occurring in a population? A. DALY B. Incidence C. Mortality rate D. Prevalence

QUESTION 12 1. Which term is used to describe the absence or presence of illness or disease? A. Demography B. Morbidity C. Mortality D. Vitality

QUESTION 13 1. Mortality (death indicators) include: A. Mortality rate B. Infant mortality rate C. Neonatal morality rate D. All of the above

QUESTION 14 1. True or false? The value of life is often implicit in the way resource allocation decisions are made, which suggests that these decisions should be as explicit, open, and transparent as possible. True False

QUESTION 15 1. _________________is projected as the number one leading cause of disease burden in 2030. A. Ischemic heart disease B. Diabetes mellitus C. HIV/AIDS D. Unipolar depression

QUESTION 16 1. Some of the negative aspects of globalization include A. Greater insecurity of employment B. Poorer housing and sanitation due to rapid urbanization C. Greater vulnerability to environmental degradation D. All of the above

QUESTION 17 1. Current concerns about climate change focus on several developments including A. Rising global average land and sea surface temperature B. Increasing frequency of extreme weather conditions C. Both A and B D. None of the above

QUESTION 18 1. True or false? Diseases carried by mosquitoes are especially sensitive to meteorological conditions because they are vulnerable to changes in the ambient temperature. As a result of changing temperatures, infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue have decreased in incidence and geographic range. True False

QUESTION 19 1. True or false? International cooperation of infectious disease control has a long history that includes obligatory reporting of outbreaks of specific diseases. However, compliance with obligatory reporting has been poor due to economic consequences that have often accompanied notification of disease outbreaks. True False

QUESTION 20 1. True or false? Globalization is a relatively new phenomenon that began in the mid-20th century. True False

HLTC21H3 Lecture : HLTC07_Lec 2 - very detailed, near-verbatim

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