HLTD21H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Breech Birth, Maternal Death, Gravidity And Parity
HLTD21'
May'7th,'2018'
Lecture'1'
• Key'terms'and'Concepts:'
o Perinatal''
§ 34-40'weeks'
o Parturition''
§ Birth'
o Post-partum''
§ After'birth'period''
§ Physical'and'emotional'(PPD)'
o Pre-natal''
§ Entire'pregnancy'–'before'birth'
o Trimester''
§ 3'phases'of'pregnancy'–'each'trimester'comes'with'its'own'changes'and'
events'
o Primigravida,'secundigravida,'multigravida,'etc.''
§ Different'ways'of'naming'how'many'pregnancies'a'woman'has'had'
§ Used'to'determine'risk'factor'
• First'birth'is'usually'a'longer'labour,'etc.'
o Maternal'mortality'rate/ratio'(MMR)'
§ Number'of'maternal'deaths'per'100,000'people'
§ Ratio'–'taken'from'number'of'women'of'child'bearing'age'
o Infant'mortality'rate'(IMR)'
§ Number'of'infant'deaths'per'live'births'–'taken'from'100,000''
• Stages'of'childbirth:'
o Normally'head'down'–'if'not,'it’s'called'breech'birth'
o Step'1:'Dilation''
§ Head'is'against'the'cervix'
§ Contractions'open'the'cervix'
o Stage'2:'Birth'
§ Takes'the'longest'time''
§ Once'head'is'out,'it’s'much'quicker'
o Stage'3:'Afterbirth'
§ Placenta'must'detach'from'the'uterus'
§ Causes'a'“wound”'–'which'is'why'you'bleed'
§ Healthy'–'placenta'emerges'20-30'min'after'birth'
• Sometimes'it'doesn’t'detach''
o May'need:'yank'on'cord,'scrape'the'insides,'surgery,'etc.''
• Can'cause'hemorrhage'
• 'READING'DISCUSSION:'
o Haraway:'
§ Individual'body'–'lived'experiences'
§ Social'body'–'natural'symbol'to'think'of'culture'and'society'as'a'
metaphor'
Document Summary
Entire pregnancy before birth: trimester. 3 phases of pregnancy each trimester comes with its own changes and events: primigravida, secundigravida, multigravida, etc. Different ways of naming how many pregnancies a woman has had. Used to determine risk factor: first birth is usually a longer labour, etc, maternal mortality rate/ratio (mmr) Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 people. Ratio taken from number of women of child bearing age. Number of infant deaths per live births taken from 100,000. Stages of childbirth: normally head down if not, it"s called breech birth, step 1: dilation. Contractions open the cervix: stage 2: birth. Once head is out, it"s much quicker: stage 3: afterbirth. Causes a wound which is why you bleed. Healthy placenta emerges 20-30 min after birth: sometimes it doesn"t detach, may need: yank on cord, scrape the insides, surgery, etc, can cause hemorrhage.
