HLTC22H3 Lecture : Chapter notes

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emeraldotter315

29 Jun 2011

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A&g: ch 10 - stress, coping, and health. Depression: perhaps the strongest association between negative affect and health in late life is found with depression. Control and self-efficacy: many early studies showed the protective effect of control. Optimism (positive outlook: the construction of optimism is one of the primary foci in the current emphasis on positive psychology. 2: clearly, part of the negative effect of anxiety, hostility, and depression is related to emotional labiality. The past several decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in our understanding of how personality processes affect health. Effects on physical health: there is a large body of research suggesting that moderate consumption of alcohol may be protective of health. Illnesses may manifest differently in older adults than in younger persons. The interface between physical and mental health in later life is complex. Stress, coping, and health: stress is a major pathway through which psychosocial factors affect physiology and the aging process.

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Homework 5: Sigmund Freud

Freudâs general theory of personality is called ___________________ theory. While working with patients experiencing conversion disorders, Freud became convinced that all such cases were caused by unexpressed sexual motives.

Freud viewed the mind as being composed of the three parts. The ___________________ functions entirely at the unconscious level and operates according to the ___________________ principle, which attempts to satisfy its needs by using wish-fulfilling mental images. A second part of the mind is called the ___________________, which can be thought of as the executive of personality and helps us to deal with the world through the reality principle. The only part of the mind containing a sense of morality is the ___________________, which is created mainly by parents. Parental punishment creates the moral inhibitions called conscience, whereas parental rewards establish a standard of conduct called the ego ideal.

Freud believed that our personalities are formed as we pass through a series of developmental stages from infancy to adulthood. Stressful events experienced during a stage can leave the personality ___________________ at that stage. According to Freud, the developmental stages result from a shifting energy from one ___________________ zone to another. Since these stages represent the release of sexual energy, they are called ___________________ stages. The first stage, lasting from birth to one year of age, is called the ___________________ stage. If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage, he or she may engage in overeating and drinking.

The second stage of development, from one to three years, is called the ___________________ stage. Fixations at this stage may lead to a personality that is either stingy and compulsive, called ___________________ ___________________, or cruel and disorderly, called ___________________ ___________________.

From ages three to six, children are in the ___________________ stage, in which the genitals become the primary source of pleasure. During this stage, boys develop a sexual attraction to their mothers, referred to as the ___________________ ___________________. Boys also develop a fear of their fathers, called ___________________ ___________________. Girls develop desires for their fathers called the ___________________ ___________________. According to Freud, failure to resolve the phallic stage results in a phallic personality, characterized by egocentric selfishness, impulsiveness, and a lack of genuine feeling for others.

From ages 6 to 11, children enter the ___________________ stage, during which sexual interest is relatively inactive. From age 11 through adulthood, the individual is in the ___________________ stage, in which sexual and romantic interests are directed towards oneâs peers. Most modern revisions of psychoanalysis agree that Freud overemphasized ___________________ motivation, underemphasized positive aspects of personality and the importance of relationships, and was prejudiced against women.

Word Bank

Phallic

Oedipus Complex

Erogenous

Anal Retentive

Psychoanalytic

Anal Expulsive

Sexual

Psychosexual

Genital

Latency

Oral

Electra Complex

Superego

Unconscious

Ego

Fixated

Defense mechanisms

Castration anxiety

Penis envy

Sublimination

Anal

Pleasure

Repression

apricottermite769

1.Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding personality stability?

Because it has a biological basis in infant temperament, personality remains fairly stable throughout the life span.

Personality is mostly influenced by social roles and norms, so it is difficult to predict accurately.

People make many characteristic adaptations throughout life, which can cause substantial changes in personality over time.

Personality tends to be stable in adulthood but can be predicted only from about age 15 or older.

Research on the Rorschach inkblot test indicates that it:

reliably assesses id/ego/superego conflicts and specific psychological disorders related to these conflicts

does an excellent job of identifying specific psychological disorders

identifies many normal, healthy adults and children as psychologically disturbed

is the most reliable of the many projective tests in use

Research has shown that, in predicting the behavior of people we know, we:

are unable to perform above chance levels in our predictions

are less accurate in predicting their observable behavior than in predicting our own observable behavior

tend to predict that their behavior will be more negative than it actually is

are more accurate in predicting their observable behavior than in predicting our own observable behavior

Derrick feels that he deserves more than other people, and he often tries to manipulate people to get what he wants. Whenever someone challenges him, he gets very angry. Derrick likely:

has exceptionally high-esteem

has a collectivist perspective

has low self-esteem

is suffering from terror-management syndrome

champagnesea-lion818

Correlation Between Human Body And Mind

Each affects the other, but it's much more complicated, above and below.

We tend to think of physical health as the physical fitness of the body. Physical health begins with genetics and nutrition, which feed the health of your cells and tissues, which create the health of your bodily organs, including your brain, and your bodily systems, including the sensory and another system of your body and brain.

Above the level of the physical brain, we have the mind, the 'thinking part' of the brain, and the thought patterns we encourage and discourage in our day-to-day living. The mind and the brain also give rise to your spirits, happy, sad, excited, elated, depressed, etc. And your mind interacts with other people around you, in your communities. This illustrates the hierarchy of life, and the hierarchy of healthcare: genetics, nutrients, cells, tissues organs, bodily systems, body, minds, spirits, and communities.

Every layer affects every other layer. You can eat foods that depress or excite your spirits. Some people are genetically happy most of the time. Others are genetically more somber. If your communities, the people you spend your time with are innovative, adventurous, you will become more innovative and adventurous, perhaps more risk-taking. If your community is more caring and sharing, your mental health will be more aligned to caring and sharing. If your brain loses oxytocin, due to a systemic or dietary problem, or a hereditary factor, you will be less sharing and caring.

So, When you improve your physical health, you tend to improve every layer in the hierarchy. And when you improve any layer in the hierarchy, you improve your mental health. If you improve your physical health, by working with your communities, there are more benefits. If you improve your physical health by eating a better diet, there are more benefits.

If you or your family member is suffering from a disease, you should get a medical bracelets. If they will be wearing a medical bracelet you will have peace of mind and will be able to focus on your work. In case of any medical emergency, it will alert the relevant team and share all the details regarding medical history. You can mention your contact number as an emergency contact number, so if anything happens they will contact you immediately.

An example of physical health impacts mental health is this that when we eat more junk food we tend to feel unnecessarily bored. Our mood changed frequently. We feel down. And when you do proper exercise and have good food you feel so much energy throughout the day.

So this is how physical and mental health is interrelated. So you should learn from your own experiences. When you do certain things you will get certain types of results, so accordingly change the cause if you don’t like the result.

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HLTC22H3 Lecture : Chapter notes

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