LINA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Northern Cities Vowel Shift, Phoneme, Dialect Levelling
Document Summary
Assume grammar idealisation i. e. 1. only 1 grammar 2. 1 speaker controls 1 system but in fact 1. @ diff situations => everyone speaks at least a dialect of a lang even if it s. Lang vs dialect = x vs mutual intelligibility // social & political factors; e. g. dutch vs german, portuguese vs galician, hindi vs urdu, mandarin vs cantonese, serbian vs croatian. Dialect: any variety of a lang spoken by ppl characterised by systematic (x random) diff from other varieties of same lang in terms of structural or lexical features. Idiolect: lang of 1 individual speaker w/ its unique characteristics -> everyone. Register: switching between informal & formal way of using lang (factor of lang variation) geographical/regional, social e. g. age, gender, socioeconomic class, edu lv, occupation, race & ethnicity, social network. Regional dialect studies limitation: same region both variables = x draw isogloss. Ch @ 1 area x spread cuz geographic barrier e. g. newfoundland.
