PHLB09H3 Lecture : Lecture notes

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maroonarmadillo957

1 Jun 2011

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But this doesn"t say anything about how you should feel about it: objective values: o. I"m not a huge fan of the mona lisa: but, nevertheless, i recognize the great paintings have value in themselves o. But it may be beautiful: it"s valuable irrespective of what i can use it for, pleasure has final value o. I don"t seek pleasure for the sake of something else: It"s the end goal of (some of) my activities: eudaimonia doesn"t have instrumental value, i don"t seek out the good life for the sake of something else - o. It"s my end-goal : incremental and fungible versus inviolable value, money has incremental value, the more money i have, the better, beautiful plants don"t have incremental value o. I can"t replace the whole species with, say, daffodils o: life i can"t replace bengal tigers with ringtails , some things are irreplaceable, and non-incrementally valuable, these are inviolably valuable, people have inviolable value o.

Related Questions

Highway design is strongly influenced by physical analyses, asapparent in construction of safe circular turns at common highwayspeeds. The following analyses represent common highway designconcerns.

What is the influence of friction on banked highway turns? Toaddress this question, first consider a car that encounters acircular highway curve of radius 256m banked toward the turncenter. At what speed v0 can this car safely negotiate the turnwithout friction for a uniform 6.72Âº banking angle? Under whatreal-world situation(s) might this circumstance occur? Toillustrate the effect of friction upon the vehicle, reanalyze theprevious situation in the presence of frictional coefficient 0.751,and determine the maximum speed vmax the car may safely negotiatethe turn. Should this coefficient be for static or kineticfriction? By what proportion did the safe turn speed increase inthe presence of friction?

It is currently popular for automobiles to use 10% ethanol / 90%gasoline mixtures (âgasoholâ) as fuel. According to popularconsensus the main benefit of gasohol use is that it âreduces ourdependence upon foreign oil.â We test this assertion by making someelementary calculations. Our analysis will unrealistically ignoreengine maintenance issues associated with older automobiles (suchas gasket and seal hardening), added fuel consumption necessary toproduce grain used as a feedstock in ethanol production,incremental food price increases associated with a reduction ingrain stocks, and many other effects. Gasohol use typically reducesaverage fuel economy by approximately 15% and effectively leavesfuel prices unchanged. This article further debates the wisdom ofethanol use and may be of interest outside the problems:
http://harvardmagazine.com/2006/11/the-ethanol-illusion.html
These concerns and problems have been strongly influenced byconversations with Dr. H.J. Harmon, of the OSU physicsdepartment.

2. Consider a 14.2 mpg 1991 Ford F150 driven 761 miles. Calculatethe pure gasoline consumption of this truck when: a) usinggasoline, and b) when using gasohol (with its attendant economyreduction). Determine the total CO2 emissions for each fuelassuming all fuels produce 20 lbs of CO2 per gallon. Comment uponthe wisdom of using gasohol versus pure gasoline in this vehicle.

The kinetic theory of gases states that the kinetic energy of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas. A relationship between the microscopic properties of the gas molecules and the macroscopic properties of the gas can be derived using the following assumptions: The gas is composed of pointlike particles separated by comparatively large distances. The gas molecules are in continual random motion with collisions being perfectly elastic. The gas molecules exert no long-range forces on each other. One of the most important microscopic properties of gas molecules is velocity. There are several different ways to describe statistically the average velocity of a molecule in a gas. The most obvious measure is the average velocity Vavg. However, since the molecules in a gas are moving in random directions, the average velocity is approximately zero. Another measure of velocity is (V^2)avg, the average squared velocity. Since the square of velocity is always positive, this measure does not average to zero over the entire gas. A third measure is the root-mean-square (rms) speed,Vrms , equal to the square root of (V^2)avg. The rms speed is a good approximation of the the typical speed of the molecules in a gas. This histogram (Figure 1) shows a theoretical distribution of speeds of molecules in a sample of nitrogen () gas. In this problem, you'll use the histogram to compute properties of the gas.

Part A

What is the average speed

of the molecules in the gas?

Part B

Because the kinetic energy of a single molecule is related to its velocity squared, the best measure of the kinetic energy of the entire gas is obtained by computing the mean squared velocity, $(v^2)_{\rm avg}$ , or its square root. The quantityis more common than $(v^2)_{\rm avg}$ because it has the dimensions of velocity instead of the less-familiar velocity-squared.