POLA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Political Opportunity, Collective Action, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Document Summary
Collective actions and grievances: hi(cid:396)s(cid:272)h(cid:373)a(cid:374)(cid:859)s (cid:862)e(cid:454)it, voi(cid:272)e a(cid:374)d lo(cid:455)alt(cid:455)(cid:863) a(cid:396)gues so(cid:373)e g(cid:396)ie(cid:448)a(cid:374)(cid:272)es (cid:373)a(cid:455) (cid:374)ot (cid:271)e e(cid:454)p(cid:396)essed. Collective action is uncertain, and often difficult. Even if achieved, change may be elusive. If theres alternative, it may be easier to take that and face grievances. Large potential or relative pay-off for successful voice. Risk acceptance or other psychological constructs: presence of focal point or other mechanisms to low costs of collective benefit or make collective action more likely to be successful. Why might it be easier to avoid voicing grievance: government may violently punish those expressing dissent, agitating for change has uncertain benefits (just because you agitate, does not mean outcome will be more positive) Alternative may have certain (or more certain) outcome. Bad ttc service: challenging public school environment. (cid:862)exit(cid:863) alte(cid:396)(cid:374)ati(cid:448)e (cid:373)a(cid:455) (cid:374)ot (cid:396)e(cid:395)ui(cid:396)e a(cid:374)(cid:455) othe(cid:396)s to pa(cid:396)ti(cid:272)ipate: How institutions effect how grievances expressed: political opportunity structures. How ideas about what the government should do (and how) are generated.
