PSYA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Sympathetic Nervous System, Classical Conditioning, Behaviorism
Slide 1
-You will change as a function of what happens in your life: Learning. You and your brain
become different.
-What are the principles of learning?
-10 thousand hours to expert something; i.e. basketball
-What is the neural substrate that changes?
-Recall Freud. The shadow that he casted on psychology when this issue was started to
be studied. A lot of psychologists found that kind of stuff more on the side of philosophy
rather than empirical scientists, and decided that they should come up with a strong
sense of scientific study, which was “we want things we can measure things directly,
or objectively”
Objective measure: external person can measure it without needed you to interpret
what’s happening to you in any way.
SR: stimulus response
Stimulus complex: the complex array you find yourself within, can be objectively
measured. Your behaviour in that situation can be objectively measured.
!-These studiers are called behaviourists
So, why do you behave that way? Behaviourists say don’t worry about that.
-This is around 1940’s - 1950’s
Problem: If you look at all of us, we behave in a very complicated manner. How did we
get to this level of complexity in reaction to stimuli? Behavourists say that it happens
with learning. There are pre-existing, genetic stimulus response mappings. Babies know
to suck a nipple. Innate behaviours. Also, initiating digestive systems after putting food
in our mouths, duck our heads when something comes towards the face, etc. When we
hear creepy noises, our sympathetic nervous system kicks in automatically. Pre-existing
connections between stimulus and responses.
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS), mapped to an unconditioned response (UCR). -->
Unconditioned link between a stimulus and a response. You did not have to learn it.
Unlearned. It’s there right from the start. If you put food in your mouth, the digestion will
begin automatically. The food is the unconditioned stimulus that triggers the
unconditioned response (digestion).
Conditioning: Synonym for learning.
Unconditioned: You did not have to learn this connection.
Acquisition: when CS and US are presented together in classical conditioning
Second-order conditioning: conditioning where the stimulus that functions as the US
is actually the CS from an earlier procedure in which it acquired its ability to produce
learning
Document Summary
You will change as a function of what happens in your life: learning. 10 thousand hours to expert something; i. e. basketball. The shadow that he casted on psychology when this issue was started to be studied. Objective measure: external person can measure it without needed you to interpret what"s happening to you in any way. Stimulus complex: the complex array you nd yourself within, can be objectively measured. Your behaviour in that situation can be objectively measured. Problem: if you look at all of us, we behave in a very complicated manner. Also, initiating digestive systems after putting food in our mouths, duck our heads when something comes towards the face, etc. When we hear creepy noises, our sympathetic nervous system kicks in automatically. Unconditioned stimulus (ucs), mapped to an unconditioned response (ucr). Unconditioned link between a stimulus and a response. If you put food in your mouth, the digestion will begin automatically.
