PSYB04H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Publication Bias, Scientific Literature, Meta-Analysis

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19 May 2018
School
Department
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PSYB04
LEC 12
Chapter 14: Replicability, Generalization, and the Real World
To Be Important, a Study Must Be Replicable
Researches always consider whether they will get the same result if they do the study again → if it
is replicable
Can the result be replicated
Gives a study credibility; crucial part of scientific process
→ Replication Studies
Even when original study has statistically significant result, researchers still need to conduct the
study again to find out if the result is replicable
Direct replication
Researchers repeat an original study as closely as they can
See whether the original effect shows up in newly collected data
Direct replication can never replicate the first study in every detail
Conceptual Replication
Study the same research question but use different procedures
Variables in the study are the same but the procedures for operationalizing the variables
are different
Replication-Plus-Extension
Researchers replicate their original study but add variables to test additional questions
Add another situational variable
Replications by Independent Researchers
Failure to replicate a finding in a completely diff lab raises the possibility that the original
effect can be obtained only in very specialized conditions
→ Replication, Importance, and the Weight of the Evidence
A single study is important only if it can be replicated
→ Meta-Analysis: What Does the Literature Say?
Scientific literature →
consists of a series of related studies, conducted by various researchers,
that have tested similar variables
Several studies of a particular topic]
Meta-analysis →
mathematically averaging the results of all the studies that have tested the same
variables
See what conclusion that whole body of evidence supports
Researchers collect all possible examples of a particular kind of study
Average all the effect sizes to find an overall effect size
Publication bias in psychology → significant relationships are more likely to be published
than null effects
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
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