PSYB07H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Shooter Game, Socioeconomic Status, Sample Size Determination
PSYB07 - Data Analysis in Psychology
Lecture 1 - Basic Concepts
Readings: Chapter 1
Lecture Outline
● Math Review
● Population vs. Sample
● Variable
● Displaying Data
Math Review
● Order of Operations
● BEDMAS
○ Brackets
○ Exponents
○ Division & Multiplication
○ Addition & Subtraction
Population vs. Sample
● Population - entire collection of events in which you are interested in studying or looking
at
○ Doesn’t matter how big
● Sample - a subset of the population
○ A small section
○ E.g., tutorial (because it is not everyone in the class)
● Let’s say I’m in the car with three of my friends, and we are trying to decide where to go
for dinner
○ Korean BBQ?
○ 3 Answers: Tim, Jess & Sijing
■ What’s the population? The 3 friends and him (the one asking)
■ What is the sample? The 3 friends and him
■ How big is the population/sample? 4 people
● Let’s say I’m in a bus and we are trying to decide where to go eat
○ 3 Answers: Tim. Jess & Sijing = Korean BBQ
■ What is the population? Everyone on the bus
■ What is the sample? The 3 friends
■ How big is the population/sample? Number of people on the bus
● Representative?
○ External validity
■ The degree to which the sample reflects the population
○ Sample size - the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to
include in a sample
○ Random sampling
■ Every member in the population has an equal chance of being selected
■ E.g., picking out names from a hat
● First-person shooter game and spatial attention
○ We think that some video games can change things such as attention
○ Experiment: gamers vs. non-gamers, which one has a quicker reaction times?
● Intro to psychology students -> external validity?
○ Socioeconomic status
■ Assume that people in university come from families that are more
privileged (racial, cultural biases)
○ Age
■ Young adults mostly in university
○ Education level
● Gamers vs. Non-Gamers
● Performance on UFOV task (accuracy)
○ Are they good at determining where that dot pops up?
●
Subject #
Game
UFOV
Gender
1
Y
75%
M
2
Y
78%
M
3
Y
80%
F
4
Y
77%
M
5
Y
81%
M
6
N
48%
F
7
N
50%
F
8
N
55%
M
9
N
53%
F
10
N
45%
F
● Spatial Attention
○ Gamers vs. Non-Gamers
○ Male vs. Female
● Internal Validity
○ The degree to which an experiment measures what it is supposed to
○ Is it really video game skill that we are measuring?
Document Summary
Population - entire collection of events in which you are interested in studying or looking. Sample - a subset of the population. E. g. , tutorial (because it is not everyone in the class) Let"s say i"m in the car with three of my friends, and we are trying to decide where to go for dinner. The 3 friends and him (the one asking) Let"s say i"m in a bus and we are trying to decide where to go eat. The degree to which the sample reflects the population. Sample size - the act of choosing the number of observations or replicates to include in a sample. Every member in the population has an equal chance of being selected. E. g. , picking out names from a hat. We think that some video games can change things such as attention. Assume that people in university come from families that are more privileged (racial, cultural biases)
