PSYB30H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Relate, Heavy Metal Music, Big Five Personality Traits
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PSYB30 – Lecture 3 Purple Text – Prof’s Speech
Traits Part II
The Big Five +?
Are the big 5 enough?
Some researchers suggest that there are additional factors that should be considered
Honesty-Humility?
But some say this is already an Introverted component of agreeableness
Intelligence?
Some say it is Conceptually like openness, which has to do with being interested in the
world and taking in knowledge, or conscientiousness
Loads on conscientiousness
Where intelligence falls depends on how you define it
Spiritual transcendence / religiosity
May be separate from Big 5
Has to do with understanding the big picture
Sexuality?
Attractiveness, exclusivity, restraint, orientation etc.
Research seems to show an Overlap w/ Big 5
Is the FFM (Five Factor Model) Universal?
There is a possibility that the FFM is an Artifact of development with WEIRD participants
Key Problem: Derived in English using lexical approach
Assumes other languages will have words for same ideas
The Big 5 has been Validated in over 50 countries
Indigenous measures (measures used using the language of interest) get similar results except:
Extraversion and agreeableness are not always distinct
The concept of Openness varies – it is defined differently in different cultures
Unique traits in some cultures
Ex. Filial piety in China – which has to do with respect for elders, experience, etc.
More than 5 traits needed in some cultures
- Reliability of FFM lower in less developed countries – found consistently
Potential reasons:
Translations
Item relevance
Familiarity with test format
Representative samples
FFM in Tsimane culture
(Gerven, von Rueden, Massenkoff, Kaplan, & Lero Vie, 2012)
Used translated version of FFM – in Spanish
Factor analysis showed 2 factors
Combo off Extroversion and Agreeableness (prosociality?)
Industriousness
Personality in Everyday Life
Meta-analysis of the relationship btw Big 5 traits and leadership (Judge, Bono, Ilies, & Gerhardt, 2002)
Meta-analysis: technique for combining findings from studies; type of research technique where
you find all studies on a particular topic and put together data of all studies and treat them as if
they came from one
Extroversion most consistent correlate of leadership
Followed by Conscientiousness, Openness, and Neuroticism (-)
Neuroticism – negatively correlated, the less neurotic you are, the more likely you are to
display leadership behaviour
Agreeableness had very low correlation with leadership
Career/work
Personality testing often used in HR
MBTI common measure of match btw people and work
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Jung‟s Psychological Types
• 2 basic attitudes towards the world: introversion – extroversion
• 4 psychological functions
• thinking – feeling
• sensation – intuition
• 8 psychological types
• Jung originally coined the terms intro and extroverted
• Introversion: draws energy from within selves
• Focus on inner world of thought, ideas
• Can only spend a limited amount of time with people
• Extroversion: get energy from the environment
• Focus on people, things outside the self
The Four Functions
Thinking and Feeling
Relate to how someone makes decisions or judgements
„Thinking‟ people – make decisions using logic, reason, principles
„Feeling‟ people – make decisions using emotions, personal values
Continuum – few people will be far on either end
Sensation and Intuition
o ways of getting information about the world
o How you draw information about things going on around you
o Sensation – through the senses, focus on details
o Intuition – through “sixth sense”, focus on big picture
The eight psychological types
• introverted thinking
• interesting in ideas and inner reality