PSYB64H3 Lecture Notes - Fluid Compartments, Extracellular Fluid, Tetraodontidae
14 Jun 2013
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The structure of neurons: neuron membranes separate intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid, the neural cytoskeleton provides structural support that maintains the shape of the neuron. Neural membranes consist of double layers of phospholipid molecules. Embedded within the lipid layers are proteins that serve as ion channels and ion pumps. These structures open and close, controlling the movement of ions across the neural membrane. Sample of a neuronal membrane from the axon which is not myelinated. Exposure to both the intracellular and extracellular fluid. Proteins found in membrane, they can open and close for ions. Membrane is a bi-layer composed largely of phospholipids and other lipids studded with proteins and other large molecules (forms part of the pores) Ion channels: allow ions to diffuse down concentration gradient, selective permeability to certain ions, don"t require additional energy. Ion pumps: actively move ions against concentration gradient, create ion concentration gradients, require energy. Three fiber types compose the cytoskeleton of neurons (figure 3. 3)
