PSYC14H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Work Ethic, Extraversion And Introversion, Conscientiousness
Selfandmotivation
Selfdescriptions
● Oneresearchstudyexploredthe20
statementstestamongKenyansand
Americans
● Emphasison:
○ Personalcharacteristics
■ Americans
■ Australians
■ British
■ Swedish
■Canadians
○ Rolesandmemberships
■ Kenyans
■ CookIslanders
■ Malaysians
■ Chinese
■ NativeAmericans
■ PuertoRicans
■Indians
■ Japanese
■ Koreans
● Solidlinesvs.dashes
● Interdependentpeoplecan’tbehalfinhalf
out
Hofstede’sidentitymap
Selfawareness
● JapaneseandAmericanevaluated
actualidealselfdiscrepancies
● Eitherinfrontofamirrorornot
● Inthemirrorcondition,Americansweremore
awareofthemselvesasonobject)andthey
becamemorecritical
○ Nomirror,theysawthemselves
quitehighly
● Japaneseparticipantswerehighlycriticalof
themselves,regardlessofthemirror
condition
● Youshouldgetoutofasubjective
selfawarenesstoanobjectiveonebecause
ruminatingnegativeemotionsisveryshit,so
objectivegivesyouadifferentperspective
● Seeingyourselffarinthefutureorfarinthe
pastcanalsohelp
● Themoreyouseeaneventastemporally
distant,themoreyouseeitinanobjective
sense
Selfawarenessandthe“Etest”
● Drawingittotheself(left)anddrawingitto
theother(right)
● Researchersfoundthatthehigherupinthe
corporatehierarchy,themorelikelythey
weretodrawittothemselves
○ Lowerdownwoulddrawmoreto
other
● Femalesmorelikelytodrawtoother
● Malesmorelikelytoself
● Kindofaproxyforindividualisticvs.
collectivistic
Selfawarenessinotheranimals
● Theyputamarkontheirfaceandshow
monkeysthemselvesintheirmirror,ifthey
touchthemark,itshowstheyareselfaware
thattheyknowthatitisthemselves
Selfawarenessandmindfulmeditation
● Mindfulnessgotbarefamousinthemid
2000s,especiallyin2010too
● Mindfulnesstendstoworkreallywellwith
mooddisordersandborderlinepersonality
disorder
● Attendingtointernalorexternalstimuli
● Describingphenomenawithoutjudgment
● Actingwithawarenessthroughundivided
attention
● Allowingpresentmomentsoreventstooccur
withoutjudgingthem
● Buddhism:d4NobleTruths:
○ Alllifeissuffering
○ Sufferingcomesfromdesires
○ Thecureofsufferingisthe
extinctionofdesire
○ Theextinctionofdesireisobtained
thrutheEightfoldPath(partof
whichismindfulness)
● Lackofconvergentpersonalitytraits
betweeneasternandwesternmindfulness
practices
● Easternreligions:byfocusingmoreon
oneself,youletgoofthoseegocentric
properties
Selfconsistency
● Cognitivedissonancetheory:
○ Stateoftensionoccurswhenan
individualobserveshimselfor
herselfbehavinginconsistentlywith
his/herattitudes
● Attitude:I’mastrictveganwhobelievesin
animals’rights
● Behaviour:IseeastylishleatherjacketandI
buyit
● Whendissonanceisexperienced,ican
relievethattensionby:
○ Changingmybehaviour
○ Changingmyattitude
○ Rationalizingtheinconsistencyor
minimizingitsimportance