PSYC39H3 Lecture Notes - Meta-Analysis, Complications Of Pregnancy, Prison Officer
Document Summary
Chapter 7: violent offending: general violence and homicide. The rate of violent crime has generally decreased since the early 1990s. Only about one-third of violent incidents are reported to the police. Being young, being single, often going out in the evening, and living in cities are associated with higher rates of violent victimization. Hostile aggression is an impulsive reaction to some real or perceived provocation or threat, whereas instrumental aggression is premeditated and ultimately aimed at achieving some secondary goal. Hostile and instrumental aggression may be best viewed as opposite ends of a continuum along which acts of aggression can fall. Four key approaches to risk assessment are unstructured clinical judgment, empirical actuarial, mechanical, and structured professional judgment. Actuarial risk-assessment instruments (e. g. , vrag, saq) are generally more accurate at predicting violent recidivism than structured professional judgment instruments and unstructured clinical judgment. In violence risk assessment, different predictive errors have different consequences.
