PSYA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Arbitrariness, Deep Structure And Surface Structure, Transformational Grammar

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30 Apr 2012
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PSYA02H3 Full Course Notes
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Stages in language development: prelinguistic stage (0 12 months, crying, cooing, babbling, phonemic expansion, phonemic constriction, cooing at 6 weeks. Distinct from crying (e. g. doesn"t occur when infant is upset; lower pitched) These sounds are not made later in life: babbling at 6-9 months. Produces all possible phonemes phonemic expansion: phonemic constriction at 9-12 months. Phonemes reduce to the subset in their native languages. Motherese (infant-directed speech: stage 2 grammar (30 months 4 to 5 years) Ignore incorrect grammar (less likely to occur: challenges for learning theory. Productivity of language: can"t explain how we produce sentence not reinforced to produce; how novel sentences occur. Spontaneous use and abuse of rules: can"t explain how we can acquire rules. Ability to understand the meaning of a sentence: chomsky"s learning acquisition device (lad, principle of lad. Transformational grammar as innate: knowledge needed to translate between surface and deep structure. There is a critical period for language learning: challenges.

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