PSYC39H3 Lecture Notes - Restorative Justice, Risk Management, Meta-Analysis
Document Summary
Lecture 5 linking theories to practice (chapter 4) Costs and rewards of crime as key factors in behaviour. Importance of empirical research to inform responses and programming. Influence of punishment and deterrence on commission of crimes. Effectiveness of deterrence relates to: certainly, celerity, severity, scope. Kershaw (1999), lloyd et al. (1994): no difference between custody and community penalties with respect to reconviction rates. Martin (1993): no effect of fines vs short jail sentences on the rate of drinking and driving. Mackenzie, wilson, kider (2001): no effect of punisher smarter (application of enhanced punishers) on reducing criminal behaviour. Hood (2002): no effect of death penalty on frequency of capital crimes. Reduction of police-reported crime from 1981 to 2007. Decrease in the overall rate of juveniles & adults charged. Situation is generally better than in other countries. Attending to needs of both victims and offenders. Voluntary participation of the victim, the offender, members of the community.