PSYC39H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Reinforcement, Neuroscience, Observational Learning
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Lecture 5 chapter 4 oct/16/2017 blue subtitles red highlighted already from lecture slides (prof added) (not in the textbook) light green extra of what prof says. 2: basi(cid:272)all(cid:455) ki(cid:374)(cid:374)e(cid:396) (cid:449)hat (cid:449)as stud(cid:455)i(cid:374)g (cid:449)as (cid:374)ot si(cid:373)pl(cid:455) (cid:862)lea(cid:396)(cid:374)i(cid:374)g(cid:863) (cid:271)ut (cid:862)lea(cid:396)(cid:374)i(cid:374)g + In other words, not simply new memory formation, but memories for outcome contingencies. (see later slide) Skinnerian concepts: reinforcement: always increases likelihood/frequency of the behaviour in question, the(cid:396)e(cid:859)s al(cid:449)a(cid:455)s a(cid:374) i(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:396)ease i(cid:374) the e(cid:373)issio(cid:374) of that (cid:271)eha(cid:448)iou(cid:396, the(cid:396)e(cid:859)s t(cid:449)o (cid:449)a(cid:455)s (cid:455)ou (cid:272)a(cid:374) a(cid:272)hie(cid:448)e this: positi(cid:448)e reinforcement and negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement. We (animals or people) gain something we desire (or pleasant or helpful) (positive outcome) as a consequence of certain behavior: negative reinforcement. We avoid an unpleasant event or stimulus (also a positive outcome) as a consequence of certain behavior. This results an increase in the operant behaviour. Removal of a negative state, in response to an operant behaviour.
