SOCA01H3 Lecture Notes - Thomas Theorem, Bulimia Nervosa, Faith Healing
SOCA01-Lecture 4 notes
Aspects of socialization:
Primary socialization:
Rene Spitz study:
-did a study in an orphanage
-children have minimum human contact
-results during primary socializationthey don’t rely on others, they become distant and remote and
non-communicative
-has physical consequences
-the link b/w mind and body is a fact-ex. if people who are sick believe that they are going to get better,
very often they do get better
-reason why faith healing works
-more infection, higher death rates, slower maturation, possibility of impaired sexual functioning upon
maturity
-have profound effect on intimate human contact later in life
-primary socialization begins at birth by parents who pass on cultural knowledge
-siblings can also play a part
-Spitz-primary socialization important for emotional adjustment later in life
-if child is socially handicapped, there is usually violence at home
-therefore, they tend to use violence in adulthood as a response to violence during socialization
-children who are praised, encouraged, and complimented are more likely to be adjusted than those who are put
downdestroys self esteem
-educational theorists say you should give students an A or they will lose self-esteemself-esteem movement
-should not insulate children from failure b/c it is a fact of life
-when does primary socialization end?
-parental influence begins to decrease once children enter school (but still continues to a lesser extent)
History:
-children were expected to conform to adult norms
-child labour-work at 5, full time by 10, marriage by 16
-childhood is a new idea
-children in the past were mini-adults and expected to be capable of behaving like adults
-when that didn’t happen children were punished harshly
-modern view is differentchildren are incapable of behaving like adults
PIAGE-theory of socialization
-says children cannot behave like adults
-harsh punishment of children today is discouraged
-ideas of adolescence are also new terms
-in traditional societies when you became physically mature, you married
-b/c lifespan wasn’t long in those societies
Secondary socialization:
-child has other influences in life
-begins w/ school
-different ways of thinking are introduced
-“kiddy culture”the kids have their own culture which is very sexist therefore cannot rid the sexual stereotyping
b/c they pick up sexist attitude from kiddy culture
-its important and trumps and neutralizes the impact of parents
-ex. of secondary socialization part time job
-ex. Mcjobsjobs w/ low pay, low security, no fringe benefits
-ex. full time jobs
-ex. becoming a parent/grandparent (as you age people expect you to act like an old person)
-gerontology is the study of old age
-secondary socialization as adult socialization:
-Lynddie Englandpart of the military and convicted of torturing prisoners in Abugrab
-adult roles are often discontinuous
-children expected to be submissive
-as you become an adult, you are expected to become more assertive which is key to becoming successful
-their roles are not visible and are unpredictable
-Anticipatory socialization: people think about their future and begin preparing for them and so they anticipate
what it would be like to be in those roles
Flexible self:
-people’s identities change faster today
-due to factors such as globalization and technological innovations
-when exposed to cultural aspects, people are constantly modifying themselves
Agents of socialization (significant others):
-family-mastering basic skills
-school-critical for secondary socialization
Conflict theorists-suggest school have a hidden curriculum that teaches children how to behave in society after
they graduate
-visible curriculumread information, learn it, be tested on it
-must have discipline and motivation
-reason why employers like people who have university degrees
-siblings, parents, teachers
-if a teacher treats students w/ respect and as if they are smart, students will respond that way
-Thomas theorem: situations we define as real become real in their consequences
-peers, peer groups, religion, sports teams
-peer groups: critical, made up of individuals of the same age, similar status (recognized position in society)
-will acquire peer groups as they go through life
-help children and adolescents separate from families and become independent
-sports teams: it teaches you to subordinate (place at a lower level) your personal self interest for the group
-it allows you to commit yourself to some super-ordinate goal (a goal larger than yourself, above
individual’s interest)
-commit yourself to a group goal, to society etc.
-the mass media: can reach millions of people in an instant, its global
Marshall McLuhanglobal village=the world of today passes information around at the same rate as the old
traditional village
-modern media had turned the world into a global village
-mass media creates pop culture=COCA colonizationthe spread of American popular culture around the world
Document Summary
Results during primary socialization they don"t rely on others, they become distant and remote and non-communicative. The link b/w mind and body is a fact-ex. if people who are sick believe that they are going to get better, very often they do get better. More infection, higher death rates, slower maturation, possibility of impaired sexual functioning upon maturity. Have profound effect on intimate human contact later in life. Therefore, they tend to use violence in adulthood as a response to violence during socialization. Parental influence begins to decrease once children enter school (but still continues to a lesser extent) Primary socialization begins at birth by parents who pass on cultural knowledge. Spitz-primary socialization important for emotional adjustment later in life. If child is socially handicapped, there is usually violence at home. Children who are praised, encouraged, and complimented are more likely to be adjusted than those who are put down destroys self esteem.
