Simmel
Single individual
- unified
o internal
o external
Plurality
Treat subordinates harshly and unforgivingly
- why: no need to ju sttifeyir actions, based on personal wishes, so more harsh than
carried out by single individual, not going to think about your feelings in front of group
Principle
- rule of laws, contracts
- doesn’t depend on one person being in charge
- less based on total subordination of one person to another
Domination/Hierarchy Sociability
- form of interaction (last mentioned)
- people interacting with other people just for the pleasure of doing so, being with one
another
- all the rules and formality are all there just to keep interaction, nothing else
- setting time aside for people with people, ex. partying
- someone who knows how to talk about anything, particularly in nonserious way
- purest form of society, pure essence of association
o society with no adjectives
- play form of sociology, socio form of interaction
o autonomouis n d▯ ependent form any sources of extraneous purposes for
interaction in the first place; just having fun
o artificea tificial (makeup, masks, costumes), covering yourself, the room is
dark; leaving behind other status of life (wealth, status), “ideal sociological
world”, everyone is equal, equally interesting, keeping everyone connected is
everyone’s duty, setting aside real world
o playfu ▯l turn war, peace, love to games, transform serious charac ter to shadows
with no frictions, and since they are shadows, they cannot collide; ex. playing
Monopoly which is a game about driving people bankrupt, but they turn it into a
game
o provides distance fr o▯ m ta kfg a step back from regular life because it can
be really absorbing and overwhelming, from taking a step back to think about
goals, etc. Partying gives you escape for a few hours and it can give you access
of secrets from life, an opportunity to feel the basic forces of existence (love,
hate, ambitions) as if from a higher plane. You become the work of art,
something that you can stand outside of and reflect on the same way you can
appreciate a song, way of turning your own life to work of art
Social Types: The Stranger
Consequence: allows you to develop complementary to understanding social types
Social types: typical type of character who occupies specific position within form of interaction
- people based on their position of interaction
Stranger ▯ somebody who is simultaneously close and distance, someone
who is inside and outside a group at the same time, a position that can be
occupied in any group
- not as inside as anyone else, part on both sides Simmel
- identity that stays with you for a long time
- ex. merchants, people who live there but are not really from there
- p. 143, “fixed within social circle, fundamental fact that he does not
belong to it originally, and brings qualities that cannot be native to it”
- objectivity ▯judging, the person is usually close enough to be trusted, but not necessarily
partisan to one side of the dispute.
o positioned to be the mediator
- emotional confidants ▯the fact that they are distant makes it easier for you to reveal facts
about yourself that you wouldn’t be able to reveal to someone who is close to you
- abstractness ▯develop stereotypes for them, cunning, clever, rationale, etc. so you think
of them less as distinct, unique individual and more of what stereotypes tell you
Freedom and the Individual
Weber: Saw work ethic linked to Ethic. The commitment can only come from you.
Simmel: individualism is essential, linking rise of individuality to DOL to specialization, to break
down to attachments of small groups. He gives cultural history of cultural individual. Trace
emergence of individuality as a social value. Most traditional cultural has not promoted this value
and have promoted collectivism. The individual has been absorbed into the group that you are
born in, having little room to develop and express his or her own uniqueness. This has deeply
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