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WSTB13H3 Lecture Notes - Mary Wollstonecraft, Homophobia, Elision

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School
UTSC
Department
Women's and Gender Studies
Course
WSTB13H3
Professor
Caleigh Cruickshank

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Document Summary

We generally think of sports as a male interest. Women have always been physically active but have excluded from organized sports since a decade ago. Women"s bodies are too fragile for sports their bodies would become to masculine and it would distract you from other responsibilities at home. It was in 1900 hundred paris games that included women and that included tennis and golf. Over time more women"s event have been added every year. Currently the there are two olympic games that don"t include women skiing games in the winter games and boxing games in the summer. Some people believed that women would not be able to complete meaningfully in the early days of the olympics. Even though they have been competing for a 100 years and men since the beginning they are catching up. Women are now participating in sports more then ever. When women are represented how are they represented in sports :

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Related Questions

1- Different forms of spectator violence have different causes and dynamics. Identify these differences as you describe and make distinctions between panics, celebratory riots, and frustration riots.

2- The use of intimidation as a strategy is now common in certain sports. Explain why this has occurred and provide examples to show how athletes use intimidation as a strategy. Also explain what can be done to control the use of this strategy

3- What is the argument used by the author when he says that there is a need for alternative definitions of masculinity and femininity? How would alternative definitions benefit men and women? Give examples from the text and from your experience. Who would be most likely to resist changes in the way gender has traditionally been defined in society?

4- Before the passage of Title IX in 1971, most female athletes were seen as invaders of male territory, and they were marginalized and not taken seriously. That doesn't occur today except in sports that are lined with manhood and masculinity. Identify three sports in which female athletes continue to be marginalized and not taken seriously. What do these sports have in common, and how long will it be before women are acknowledged as serious participants in them?

5- Transgender and intersex persons provide a direct challenge to the gender segregation that pervades sports. Explain how they are forcing sport organizations to qualify or change their policies related to gender and gender segregation, and identify the changes that you think will be most helpful in achieving full gender inclusion in sports.

I answered some of them but i just want to make sure...
ARTICLE: Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women: 20 Years of Follow-up of the Nurses’ Health Study (https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/96f3/9a4bfd42af16449f5176a09e2a6627226ecc.pdf )

1. What are the exposures of interest? How were they assessed? (include in your response: method, frequency, quality and accuracy of ascertainment) What are the advantages and limitations of the chosen exposure assessment?

2. What is the main outcome of interest? How was the outcome assessed (include in your response: method, frequency, quality and accuracy of ascertainment)? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach?

3. What is the source population of this study? Does this differ from the target population? What are the advantages and disadvantages of studying this population?

4. Describe who and how many participants comprise the study population. How many were lost to follow-up and/or how many remained in the study?

5. Both Tables 2 and 3 refer to the ‘Relative Risk of coronary heart disease...’. What type of risk measure is being calculated?

6. The authors excluded women who reported having cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, other cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia before June 1, 1980. Why did they do this? How would leaving these women in have affected their results?

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast two approaches of evolutionary psychology on human behavior

Best practice to participate in the discussion boards is to read the articles and consider the following questions. Then go to the discussion board and talk amongst yourselves; don't forget to post a minimum of a paragraph and reply to a colleague.

1. Some evolutionary psychologists, such as David Buss, suggest that men are more promiscuous than women. Man are hardwired for sex, wanting to have sex with as many women as possible. This is an evolutionary advantage, which gives men the opportunity to impregnate as many women as possible (i.e. to spread their seed). In addition, men prefer to have sex with women that are younger and have an hourglass shape. Both youth and a curvy figure are evolutionary signifiers of reproductive health. Buss also suggests that women are more selective in their mating and dating preferences. While men have a tendency to want to sleep around, women are choosier. Why? Because men have the ability to impregnate many women, while women can only have one offspring at a time. It is evolutionarily advantageous for women to be picky about their mates. What kind of mate to women prefer? They prefer mates with power and resources; men who can provide for the survival of their offspring. For our early ancestors this meant a man who could "bring home the bacon" now this means a man who brings home the money. Feminist evolutionary psychologists think this is just ridiculous. This type of thinking just portrays men and women as stereotypes.

2. Critics of the above theory demand: show me the physiological evidence. Evolutionary theory is rooted in biology hence there must be physical evidence to substantiate a claim. Feminist evolutionary psychologists say: It's not men who want sleep around, in fact, it is women who are hard-wired to want to take on as many mates as possible. This is why society has spent so much energy trying to regulate female sexuality. What is the evidence? One: only maternity is 100%. Everyone knows for certain the identity of their mother, yet before the recent advent of testing, paternity was never 100%. In a communal living situation, all the men in the tribe would have to provide for a child because the possibility could be that child was their own. Two: women are multi-orgasmic, while men only have one orgasm and then their brain releases a chemical which causes them to fall asleep. As many know, women become active post-coitus. They want to talk and cuddle, while men want to nap. The suggestion here is that while men are sleeping it off on the bear skin rug, the women go to the next tent and have sex again with someone else. Finally, women have an organ designed specifically for sexual pleasure: the clitori. Men do not have such an organ. The existence of the clitori is a strong physiological indicator that supports the above assertion. How can you explain the existence of the clitori?