ANT100Y1 Lecture : Lecture 2

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27 Jan 2012
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ANT100Y1 Full Course Notes
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Chapter 2: principles of evolution: understand microevolution. Focuses on how evolution works at level of phenotypes, genes, and populations. Somatic cells: most cells in body (except for sex cells) Cytoplasm: complex mix of membranes and tiny structures called organelles. Paired rod-shaped structures in cell nucleus containing genes that transmit traits from generation and generation. Deoxyribonucleic acid: nucleic acid used to store genetic information that codes for synthesis of proteins. Four bases: adenine(a), guanine(g), cytosine (c), and thymine (t) Proteins: y linear sequences of amino acids; building blocks of cells y each protein has specific function determined by blueprint stored in dna y e. g. : catalysis of all biochemical reactions is done by enzymes, which contain protein (digestion); and many more. Codons: y genetic information encoded in sequence of three nucleotides termed codons y 4 nucleotides of rna are: adenine (a), guanine (g), cytosine (c), and uracil (u), which replaces thymine (t) in dna template.

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