AST101H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Arthur B. Mcdonald, Photon
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A tiny reaction but, this happens 10^38 times per second: the suns mass decreases every second by 4 tonnes. Problem: chances of four protons all colliding simultaneously is tiny. Proof the pp chain also creates neutrinos. Tiny particles that go through almost anything. With heroic efforts, we can detect these neutrinos. 50,000-tonne tank of water, located 1km underground. 2015 nobel prize in physics to canada"s art mcdonald. Hot gas has pressure, which tries to make the sun expand. Gravity pulls inward, which tries to make the sun collapse. The inner regions have to hold up more weight. Cooler regions on surface (temperature only around 3500 c) Strong magnetism prevents hot has frim rising up. Number of sunspots goes from lots to almost none on an 11-year cycle. Wavelength: distance between two peaks (or troughs) Frequency: no. of times per second a peak passes you. Speed: rate at which a peak (or trough) travels.