BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Hybridization Probe, Rubber Band, Nucleoid

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It"s divided into 50% unique sequences and 50% repeated sequences: only 1. 5% of the genome encodes proteins. Introns protein-coding regions: part of the unique sequences, transpons left over dna from viruses that were inserted in the human genome over evolutionary time, thought to provide structural support to chromosomes, help them fold properly. It is unknown what the role of the repeated sequences is but it"s unlikely that it has no role at all: non-repetitive dna sequences are yet to be fully understood as in what their purpose is. In a non-packaged state, even the small prokaryotic genome would occupy a lot of the cell volume: this is even more of a problem in eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotes, the dna is condensed through folding it 1000 times: forms the prokaryotic nucleoid, prokaryotes don"t have chromatin. Important components for packaging: positively charged polyamines, they are positively charged in order to neutralize the negative charge of the backbone, numerous nucleoid-associated proteins (naps, e. g.

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