Lecture 2 Jan. 12/12
Introduction to Cells and Diversity (Part One)
Prokaryotic cells
•No nuclear membrane (nuclei)
•Nucleoid (mass of DNA)
•Single-celled
•Eubacteria and archaebacteria (archaea)
•Archaea can survive extreme conditions
Eukaryotic cells
•Nuclear membrane present
•Nucleus (mass of DNA surrounded by membrane)
•Single celled or multicellular
Endosymbiosis theorem (origins of mitochondria)
•“When one organism lives inside of another”
•Mitochondria used to be a separate bacteria cell
•Developed a symbiotic relationship with ancestral eukaryotic cell
•Ancestral cell ingested mitochondria, resulted in permanent evolutionary relationship
•Theory applies to chloroplast as well
The Central Dogma
•DNA RNA Proteins
•DNA directs synthesis of protein and not the other way around
•All linear chains of information
•Transcription: DNA RNA
•Translation: RNA Protein