BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Pyrophosphate, Okazaki Fragments, Exonuclease

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Lecture outline: overview of dna replication, dna replication in bacteria, pcr. Is dna replication conservative or semiconservative: dna synthesis is conservative. Once the dna strands are replicated, one daughter cells get both of the parental strands and the other get both of the newly synthesized strand: dna synthesis is semiconservative -- yes. Each get one parental and one newly synthesized. So if there is an error, you have a parental strand to use as a template to correct these errors. Nucleotides can only be added onto the 3" end! A new strand of dna can only grow in the 5" to 3" direction! Where does dna replication start? (origin of replication) 1) always start from the same location on dna. Only 2 h bonds between at -- takes less energy to open up the double helix -- replication machinery can get in there more easily. Recognized by and bound by initiator proteins.

Related Questions

1. During DNA replication, proteins unwind the DNA duplex, and separate the DNA strands. Those proteins include:

a.) DNA polymerase and ligase

b.) Single-stranded DNA binding and protein primase

c.) Helicase and DNA polymerase

d.) Helicase and single-stranded DNA binding protein

2. What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

a.) The particular DNA polymerase catalyzing the reaction

b.) The relative amounts of the four nucleotide triphosphates (ATP, GTP, CTP, and TTP) in the cell

c.) The nucleotide sequence of the template strand

d.) The primase used in the reaction

e.) Both A and D

3. The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

a.) The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

b.) The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3â hydroxyl (OH) end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5â phosphate (PO4) end.

c.) The leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together.

d.) Both A and B

e.) Both A and C

What step in DNA replication precedes the pairing of complementary bases?

	A.	polymerization of DNA.
	B.	formation of the histone core.
	C.	mitotic division.
	D.	separation of the two strands.
	E.	joining of the two strands.

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the

	A.	ribosome.
	B.	mitochondria.
	C.	cell membrane.
	D.	cytoplasm.
	E.	nucleus.

Normal human body cells contain how many chromosomes?

	A.	46
	B.	22
	C.	23
	D.	44
	E.	42

Hershey and Chase performed an experiment in which they used radioactive isotopes to phosphorus and sulfur to label different components of bacterial viruses. Their results clearly showed that

	A.	the viruses did not contain protein.
	B.	genetic material normally contains radioactive isotopes.
	C.	the viruses did not contain DNA.
	D.	protein was entering into the infected bacteria.
	E.	DNA was entering into the infected bacteria.

A package of histones with DNA wrapped around them forms spherical structures called

	A.	nucleosomes.
	B.	lysosomes.
	C.	ribosomes.
	D.	nucleoli.
	E.	chromatin.

DNA replication

	A.	does not require proteins.
	B.	is constantly happening in a cell.
	C.	occurs in G1 of interphase.
	D.	takes place in the nucleus of the cell.
	E.	occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

The two subunits of the ribosome join during

	A.	promotion of transcription.
	B.	initiation of translation.
	C.	termination of transcription.
	D.	termination of translation.
	E.	elongation.

DNA replication of a single DNA molecule is referred to as semiconservative because

	A.	each of the two DNA molecules will consist of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.
	B.	all the DNA strands in the two DNA molecules will have both parental and newly synthesized DNA.
	C.	it results in two nonidentical DNA molecules.
	D.	of the two DNA molecules, one is made up totally of parental DNA, while the other is entirely newly synthesized DNA.
	E.	one DNA strand is replicated continuously, while the other must be replicated discontinuously.

The bases are bonded to what part of the backbone of the DNA molecule?

	A.	the 4â carbon atom of the sugar molecule.
	B.	the 3â carbon atom of the sugar molecule.
	C.	the 5â carbon atom of the sugar molecule.
	D.	the 1â carbon atom of the sugar molecule.
	E.	the 2â carbon atom of the sugar molecule.

I have three questions, I just need them checked to see if my answer was wrong or right question

1: Which organism, when replicating its DNA, will have only one origin of replication site?

a) mice

b) Humans

c) E. coli â(this was my answer)

d) plants

Question 2: What function does DNA ligase perform in the cell?

A) covalently bond a 5â hydroxyl to a 3â polymerase

B) hydrogen bond the nucleotide bases together

C) covalently bonds a 3â hydroxyl to a 5â phosphate (this is my answer)

D) repairs DNA mutation

Question 3: In DNA replication, the term semiconservative means:

A) only one new strand of DNA is produced

B) each new strand produced pairs with itself, the old strands with themselves (This is my answer)

C) each replicated strand is made up randomly of old and new DNA

D) each newly replicated strand pairs with each old strand

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BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Pyrophosphate, Okazaki Fragments, Exonuclease

BIO130H1 Full Course Notes

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