BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Phylogenetic Tree, Endomembrane System, Cyanobacteria
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BIO130H1 Full Course Notes
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Prokaryotic cells: no nuclei, dna floats around, usually single celled, no membrane bound nucleus, ribosomes float, rudimentary cytoskeleton. Evidence: prokaryotic cells appeared first in the fossil record, eukaryotes appeared about one billion years later, there are many similarities, both very unique, so it"s unlikely they developed separately. Endosymbiont theory: applies to the mitochondria and the chloroplasts (in plants) The cell, through phagocytosis ate the helpful molecule: the aerobic (atp) unit, through a symbiotic relationship became the mitochondria, the cyanobacterium, through a symbiotic relationship, became the chloroplast. Evidence: the mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane system, the inner is very different from the outside (composition), it would make sense if there were engulfed and given a new membrane on top of their own. Protozoans engulf bacteria, there is scientific proof, they both have their own circular genome (prokaryote nature), they have their own housekeeping" (ribosomes, dna synthesis, transport.
