BIO220H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Mutation Rate, Drug Injection, Thymidine
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BIO220H1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Life cycle - multiple methods of control: killing parasite (i. e. , drug treatments in humans, killing the vector (i. e. , mosquito control/eradication, decreasing contact between humans and vector. Evolution of resistance - new drug must be used to treat resistance. Current drug: artemisinin: very effective, 2009: artemisinin resistance found. Drug resistance in parasites evolve: found in south-east asia, and currently spreading west to sub-saharan. Under drug pressure, less sensitive (more resistant) strains have two fitness advantages: they survive better, their competitors have been removed. Target at larval stage: convenient, eggs laid on small, standing bodies of water, reduce breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Target at adult stage: using standard insecticides, rapid killing action, reduce vector density and vector longevity. Penicillin discovered in 1929 by sir alexandra fleming. Antibiotics kill bacteria by disrupting a variety of biochemical processes: very successful. Antibiotics use amounts to a selection experiment: for bacteria, antibiotics are a major force of selection.
