BIO230H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: G1 Phase, Caspase, Mitochondrion
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The only way to make a new cell is to duplicate. Cell cycle: essential mechanism to determine how a cell grows. Cell cycle control system is important to reduce damage done to the cell. The eukaryotic cell cycle is divided into 4 phases. Chromosome duplication occurs in s phase (synthesis of dna) M phase (mitosis): involves nuclear division and cytoplasmic division. Prophase two dna strands are distangled together into rods called sister chromatids. G1 phase inbetween m and s phase. G2 phase inbetween s and m phase. The cell cycle control system triggers the major event of cell cycle. Cell cycle controls can detect errors and delay the cell cycle. Start checkpoint: before s phase ensure environment is favorable. G2/m checkpoint: environment is favorable and dna is all replicated. Metaphase to anaphase: chromosomes are attached properly to spindles. The cell cycle control system depends on cyclically activated cyclin-dependent. G1s cyclin: activates cdk in the late g1 cycle.