BIO230H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Mutagen, Myc, Mansio

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BIO230H1 Full Course Notes
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30-100 trillion cells in a human body. Billions of cells experience mutations every day. Body has extremely efficient and precise mechanisms to destroy aberrant cells. Cancer develops from one aberrant cell, that gains a mutation in the oncogene, and a mutation in tumour suppressor genes. Doubling of cancerous cells exponential growth. Tumour (neoplasm): uncontrolled growing mass of abnormal cells. Malignant tumour (cancer): aggressive tumour that has invaded surrounding tissue. Metastatic tumour: cancer invading other tissues, through blood stream / lymphatic vessels: chemical mutagens, radiation, viruses. Aflatoxin (environmental), reacts w/ bodily enzymes aflatoxin-2,3-epoxide (binds to guanine in dna) mutates dna. Requires: testing compound (unknown compound, culture of histidine-dependent salmonella, liver extract, agar medium lacking histidine. Mechanism for testing: mix all 4 into agar & incubate (let the culture grow) Mutagen: colonies of bacteria grow: bacteria require histidine to live & proliferate. Tumour suppressor genes: histidine presence = indicative of mutation caused by mixture of liver medium & testing compound.

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