BIO270H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Thermal Energy, Osmotic Pressure, Ionic Bonding

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Physiological processes are based on cellular function. Cellular function obey laws of physics and chemistry. 1st law: law of conservation of energy: energy can be converted from one form but total amount of energy is constant. 2nd law: entropy: the universe is becoming more chaotic. Life must continuously extract energy from the environment to maintain itself, whereas the rest of the universe degrades even faster than it would on its own. Ability to do work (force x distance) Radiant energies: transmitted from one object to another as waves/particles; solar energy. Interconvertible: all rely on five types of energy. Diffusion: tendency of random dispersal of molecules. Gradients are a form of energy storage: potential energy. Enthalpy: average thermal energy of a collection of molecules. Thermal energy increase, increase rate of chemical reaction. Non-covalent bond (weak bond): organize into 3-d shapes. Functional groups: combinations of atoms and bonds bond energy: amount of energy needed to break a bond.