BCH210H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Collagen, Glycosaminoglycan, Antiporter
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BCH210H1 Full Course Notes
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N >3, nmax = 9, usually 5 or 6. One c is c=o and each remaining carbon bears a oh group. Water is eliminated during polymerization of glycan structures. Glycoconjugate carbohydrates linked covalently to a peptide (peptidoglycan), protein (proteoglycan), or lipid (glycolipid) Aldoses polyhydroxyl aldehydes with most oxidized carbon designated c-1 and drawn at the top of a fischer projection. Ketoses polyhydroxyl ketones with most oxidized carbon at c-2. Mostly d enantiomers that are synthesized in living cells. Epimers sugar molecules that differ in conformation at only one of several chiral centers: e. g. D-mannose and d-galactose are epimers of d-glucose, but not each other. Ketoses have one fewer chiral carbons than the aldose with the same empirical formula. D-erythrulose has one chiral carbon two stereoisomers. Glucose (aldose) can cyclize to form cyclic hemiacetal pyranose. Fructose (ketose) can cyclize to form cyclic hemiketal furanose. Cyclization resembles reaction of an alcohol with an aldehyde/ketone.
