BIO120H1 Lecture Notes - Reproductive Isolation, Polyploid, Glossary Of Leaf Morphology

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lemonzebra508

11 Dec 2010

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BIO120H1 Full Course Notes

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Since populations of a species frequently become adapted to different local environments, it is not unexpected that some will diverge to the point of being unable to interbreed. If this is the case, the process of speciation has occurred. Although simple answers are tempting, such questions are difficult to answer explicitly. In fact, it is doubtful that simple answers exist since new species may become established via several avenues. The factors important in a particular situation are likely to depend upon the characteristics of the organism, the environment, and the genetic variation available for selection. The term species refers to both a taxonomic category and a biological concept. Taxonomic species are usually based on distinct morphological differences. In most animals, taxonomic species are in general equivalent to biological species where biological species are defined as: Groups of actually or potentially interbreeding populations, which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Related Questions

1) Parents from two different species mate and produce a fertileoffspring with a polyploid chromosome number. This is called

	allopolyploidy
	allopatric speciation
	triploidy
	mutation selection
	autopolyploidy

2)A monophyletic group would be best described as:

	a grouping of most, but not all, species descended from a commonancestor
	a grouping of all species descended from a common ancestor,including that ancestor
	a grouping of all species descended from a common ancestor,excluding that ancestor
	a grouping of all species that share a similar set of traits,regardless of whether the traits are homologous or analogous

3) Vicariance refers to:

	a pattern of speciation whereby new species evolve reproductiveisolation in sympatry
	a kind of speciation where a small group of colonists founds apopulation on an island habitat
	a pattern of speciation in which a population is subdivided by ageographical barrier
	a technique for constructing phylogenetic trees based onsynapomorphies

rubymosquito920

8. What is the assumption used when arranging species on aphylogenetic tree?

Polyploid species were directly related to similarspecies.
Species were able to evolve independently on differentcontinents.
Organisms with the most traits in common are the most closelyrelated.
When a species was formed can determine the species to which itis most closely related.

9. Speciation is a form of...

microevolution.
macroevolution.
artificial selection.
natural selection.

10. The difference between the processes involved in allopatricspeciation and sympatric speciation is...

sympatric speciation occurs much more slowly.
sympatric speciation requires interaction with anotherspecies.
allopatric speciation requires geographic isolation.
allopatric speciation occurs through the formation of sets ofthree or more chromosomes.