BIO120H1 Lecture Notes - Habitat Fragmentation, Zygosity, Greenhouse Gas

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10 Jan 2012

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World s worst global environmental problems: global warming and climate change, loss of biodiversity, environmental pollution, human famine, spread of infectious diseases, human population growth. How will organisms respond to climate change: they ll migrate to more favourable environmental conditions (=ecology, adapt to changing environmental conditions (=evolution, go locally (or globally) extinct (=evolution) In certain organisms we will get lifestyle chances according to climate change, but of course it will depend on the lifestyle of the organisms. Biodiversity: the number and kinds of living organisms in a given area. Interspecific variation or species diversity (studied by ecologists) Functional or ecological diversity, the coexistence of many different ways of making a living in a single community (look at a rainforest with its trees vs. epiphytes vs. shrubs plus all the different animals) Intraspecific variation or genetic variation (studied by geneticists) Although it is a natural evolutionary process, it s current rate is not at all natural!

Related Questions

Please Help. Thank you very much.

Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment. Thus, a central question in ecology concerns how organisms respond to environmental variation. The flip side of this question is to ask whether the variation in characteristics of organisms is the result of variation in features of the environment. This variation can occur in space or through time.

1. Make a list of all the environmental variables that you can think of that are likely to be important to organisms. Think about plants and microbes as well as animals.

1A. One environmental change of great concern to us is climate change, specifically the prospect of human-caused global warming, a topic to which we will return. How do organisms respond to this spatial and temporal variability in the environment?

human activities are causing global climate change and human initiatives are needed to control it.the study of global climate change therefore belongs to the field of....because climate change......
a) ecology;is related to the locations of biogeographic regions
b)ecology;affects both land masses and oceans
c) environmentalism; involves scientific,ethical and policy issues
e) environmentalism;affects humans more than any other species

Which ofthe following pairs of events changes species diversity globally?(Points : 2)

Immigration andemigration
Speciation andextinction
Speciation andimmigration
Emigration andextinction

Question2.2. The Red List maintainedby the World Conservation Union (IUCN) is a list of ________.(Points : 2)

species threatened withextinction worldwide
invasive species
captive breeding centers(zoos and botanical gardens) worldwide
known species in theworld

Question3.3. Biodiversity enhances________ because it provides genetic diversity and the potentialfor developing more productive food crops that are diseaseresistant and adaptive to drought. (Points : 2)

genetic engineering
food security
crop rotation
evolution

Question4.4. In general, an organismthat is successful as an introduced species will be subject to________. (Points : 2)

an increase in the numberof predators
an increase in the numberof pathogens
increases in limitingfactors it must deal with
decreased competitionfrom other organisms

Question5.5. According to E. O.Wilson, ________ refers to genetic variants among a single species,individuals within a species, communities of organisms, andecosystems. (Points : 2)

variance
biodiversity
genedifferentiation
heterogeneousdevelopment

Question6.6. Which type of scientistsclassify species using an organism's physical appearance andgenetic makeup? (Points : 2)

Ecologists
Taxonomists
Geneticists
Environmentalists