BIO130H1 Lecture 5: Text Notes BIO130 Lecture 5 Part 1

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peachzebra67

14 Feb 2012

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Introduction to dna replication short term survival of a cell depends on preventing changes in its dna long term survival of a species requires that dna be changeable through many generations. Dna maintenance process failure mutation can destroy the organism if occurring in vital position in dna sequence. Many mutations are silent i. e. change a codon, but not the amino acid it specifies, change an amino acid without affection protein activity coded for by the gene. Multicellular organisms depend on high fidelity with which dna sequences are replicated and maintained. Dna duplication must be accurate before cell division. Dna duplication rates can be as high as 1000 nucleotides per second. Dna base for base pairing aligns it for the enzyme-catalyzed polymerization into a new dna chain. Dna polymerase nucleotide-polymerizing enzyme deoxyribobuclease free nucleotides serve as substrates for dna polymerase polymerization into dna requires single strand dna template. Dna polymerase enzymes required a previously formed base paired 3"-oh.

Related Questions

A. What is the name of the main enzyme that performs transcription?

B. What is a mutation?

C. Why is the genetic code said to be degenerate?

D. How can a single base mutation (a change in a single nucleotide or base) result in a silent mutation, i.e. that does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence?

E. How can a change in a DNA nucleotide lead to a change in the protein?

F. How can knowing the 3D structure of a protein help scientists design effective drugs?

greenskunk262

Mutation frequency is the

A)number of mutations per gene per generation.

B)number of mutations per nucleotide per generation.

C)number of mutations per cell per generation.

D)number of a specific mutation in a defined population.

E)total number of mutations in a defined population.

==================

In DNA pyrosequencing, the visualization technique to elucidatethe sequence is based on

		A)32P.
B		)35S.
C)		fluorescent dyes.
D)		photons of light
E)		None of these

==========

The Alu family is an example of

A)short interspersed repeat elements.

B)intermediate repeat elements.
C) long interspersed repeat elements.

D)terminal sequences.

E)gene-flanking sequences.

limemacaw827

The effect of base-pair substitution mutations on protein function varies widely from no detectable effect to the complete loss of protein function (null allele).

Part A Why do the functional consequences of base-pair substitution vary so widely? Select the four correct answers.

1. Nucleotide substitutions might not cause changes in the amino acid sequence of the protein.

2. The reading frame of the gene could be affected by base-pair substitution mutations, which almost always leads to lack of function.

3. Nucleotide substitutions in exons always lead to changes of amino acids in the protein.

4. The reading frame of the gene could be affected by base-pair substitution mutations, which rarely leads to lack of function.

5. Missense mutations create amino acid substitutions, which might affect protein functionality.

6. Mutations that occur in the intron sequences generally do not affect protein functionality.

bluelion973

BIO130H1 Lecture 5: Text Notes BIO130 Lecture 5 Part 1

BIO130H1 Full Course Notes

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