BIO230H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Acetylcholine, Codocyte, Skeletal Muscle
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BIO230H1 Full Course Notes
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Cell to cell communication is more complex then sending a signal out and having a response. Some operate over long distances and require other signaling molecules. Receptor molecules are present to help solve the distance issues. Intracellular signaling pathways: a molecule binds and causes more molecules to signal receiving cell targets. Many bacteria are able to communicate through signaling. Yeast cells can also respond to each other sending out signals to indicate mating. Mating factors determine if the cell should divide. Yeast molecules have been studied for mutants function. Multicellular organisms have hundreds of types of signaling molecules. Most signal molecules exit through exocytosis and bind to receptors on molecules. Some signal molecules enter the cell through diffusion. Target cell always requires binding to a receptor. Extracellular signal molecules can act over either short or long distances. Many signaling molecules involve binding directly to the surface. Contact-dependent signaling: important in development and immune responses: can operate over large distances.