BIO270H1 Lecture Notes - Null Hypothesis, Confounding, Dependent And Independent Variables

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It is important to formulate a question based on what they observe: formulate a question from an observation. Does consumption of caffeine of caffeine found in coffee increase heart rate? : develop a hypothesis. Hypothesis can be confirmed but is never true. Predicts that there will be no effect on the independent variable will not affect the dependent variable: designing and conducting experiments to test the hypothesis. Confounding variable: an extraneous variable that can affect the results, you collect do not. It is important to design and organize the experiment properly reflect the actual relationship between the variables. Confounding variable: might be that some of the students and an exam in class whereas the others did not. Random variation: quantifies the extent to the individuals in a sample. There could be random variation between the daphnia"s heart. Replication can allow for less experimental error. Randomisation: the process is choosing a wider population to sample.

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