CSB331H1 Lecture 13: Lecture 13 Notes on Xenopus development March 7, 2011.doc

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Verbatim from developmental biology, 7th ed, gilbert s, sinauer, chapter 10 (with some minor modifications and information unrelated to the lecture removed) However, new molecular techniques such as in situ hybridization, antisense oligonucleotides, and dominant negative proteins have allowed researchers to return to studying amphibian embryos and to integrate molecular analysis of development with earlier experimental findings. The results have been spectacular, and we are enjoying new vistas of how vertebrate bodies are patterned and structured. A great deal of what we know about early embryonic patterning, cell fate determination, organogenesis, and cell biological and biochemical pathways and signaling has been derived from studies using amphibians embryos. Dr. yoshio masui, an emeritus professor in our department use xenopus to discover maturation promoting factor/mitosis promoting factor, a dimeric protein complex that stimulates meiosis and mitosis. Cleavage in most frog and salamander embryos is radially symmetrical and holobastic, just like echinoderms cleavages (e. g. sea urchins, star fish).