CSB346H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Pulmonary Vein, Pulmonary Artery, Gas Exchange

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O2 and co2 levels stay the same throughout the system until reaching lungs or capillaries. Fluid in lungs surround capillaries increases diffusion distance decreases rate of diffusion. Determinants of alveolar po2 and pco2: po2 and pco2 of inspired air, minute alveolar ventilation, rates at which tissues consume o2 and produce co2. Hyperpnea increase in ventilation to meet increase in metabolic demand of the body. Hyperventilation ventilation exceeds metabolic demands of the body (leads to hypocapnia) Hypoventilation ventilation insufficient to meet metabolic demands of the body. High po2 facilitates hb binding to o2 and low po2 facilitates o2 release from hb. Blood loss, decreased or faulty rbc production (eg. sickle cell anemia, where mutated hemoglobin distorts shape of rbc and limits ability to deliver oxygen to tissues) ~90% of co2 in blood is in form of hco3-, 5-6% is dissolved in blood plasma and 5-8% is bound to hb.

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