CSB351Y1 Lecture 13: Lecture 13

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redskunk879

15 Feb 2012

School

UTSG

Department

Cell and Systems Biology

Course

CSB351Y1

Professor

Mounir Abou Haidar

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Document Summary

Transcript: movie: you saw some of the problems with polio. You saw the guy putting shoes on his hands to walk, he has no choice. You see the problem of polio, still not eradicated. India, africa etc. further you see outbreak of polio from oral vaccine. Oral vaccine activated and when it comes out from the feces can infect other kids with no vaccine. To take attenuated vaccine you need to do shots. Oral vaccine is much easier to apply, but got problems. Eradicate polio by 2010 goal, we are still too far from it. The viruses is essentially replicated in the liver only. But quite resistant to high temperature (65 degrees), and quite resistant to mild soap wash your hand lightly won"t do. Boiling will kill the virus, but 65 degrees is quite hot already yet it won"t kill the virus. This is how the virus can survive in the environment and transmit from people to people.

Related Questions

From time to time, the CDC committee that makes recommendations about vaccines (ACIP) decides to âchange their mindsâ about the use of a particular vaccine, even though we might have been using it for a long time. Each time they do this, there is something about the âoldâ vaccine they didnât like, and something about the ânewâ vaccine that fixes the problem. For each of the following, explain (1) the difference between how the old and the new vaccines function, and (2) how the new vaccine avoids some problem with the old one. If the new vaccine introduces some problem of its own, describe that, too.

A. In 1983 a 23-valent pneumonia vaccine was developed using the polysaccharide capsules from 23 different Strep pneumoniae strains, and was used for elderly people. But in 2015 the ACIP recommended switching to a 13-valent polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine (Prevnar-13).

B. In 1997 the recommendation was made to switch from a whole-cell Pertussis vaccine, which had been in use since 1949, to an acellular subunit vaccine.

C. In 1961 we switched from an inactivated Polio vaccine (developed in 1955) to a live attenuated one. Then in 2000 we switched back to the inactivated one. Explain both ACIP decisions. D. In the near future, the decision may be made to switch from the current Flu vaccine (either the live attenuated or the inactivated one) to a DNA-based flu vaccine.

burgundyraccoon49

42. Which of the following bacteria that may cause meningitis is Gram-positive and therefore does not cause endotoxin shock in infected individuals?

Escherichia coli

Neisseria meningitidis

Listeria monocytogenes

Haemophilus influenzae type B

None of these

43. Viral meningitis is usually always fatal if untreated, unlike bacterial meningitis, which is always self-limiting and nonfatal. True or false?

44. Which of the following is acid-fast and causes Hansen's disease?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Clostridium tetani

Neisseria meningitidis

Haemophilus influenzae

Mycobacterium leprae

45. An immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) has replaced the older test for the presence of inclusions in neurons (Negri bodies) for the detection of infections caused by:

Neisseria meningitidis

Enteroviruses

Mumps virus

Rabies virus

Haemophilus influenza

46. The viruses that cause encephalitis are most likely to be:

Togaviruses

Enteroviruses

Mumps virus

Rabies virus

Hepatitis viruses

47. The only bacterium known to damage peripheral nerves is:

Naegleria fowleri

Mycobacterium leprae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Neisseria meningitidis

Haemophilus influenzae

48. The endospores of this organism are the most heat-resistant known; it is:

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium botulinum

Mycobacterium leprae

Streptococcus thermicos

Listeria monocytogenes

49. All of the following are true about poliomyelitis EXCEPT:

Most poliovirus infections are inapparent or mild and nonparalytic.

Polio can be caused by three strains of picornaviruses.

The Salk vaccine contains live, attenuated polioviruses while the Sabin vaccine contains formalin-inactivated polioviruses.

Transmission is by the fecal-oral route and pharyngeal secretions.

Poliomyelitis has afflicted man for thousands of years.

50. Which of the following stains is used frequently to identify Mycobacterium and other bacteria whose cell walls contain high amounts of lipids?

Gram stain

Schaeffer-Fulton stain

Acid-fast stain

Lipidialar stain

Spore stain

coralleopard200

Vaccination (Short Informative Paper)

1.Definition of vaccine/vaccination

a. Describe experiment that lead to discovery of vaccination

2. Describe how a vaccine is made or prepared(i.e. mechanisms for how do they work; in terms of immunity)

3. Explain how vaccines are administered(dosages, administration procedures)

4.Classification of vaccines (Live, attenuated(Bacteria & Viral), inactivated)-distinguish between

a. Describe the course of treatment given if a person is not up to date on vaccination against tetanus

b. Briefly elaborate on the significance of the vaccinia virus in terms of vaccine development/research

5.At least two childhood diseases for which vaccines are available and the name of the vaccines for the diseases.

6. Comparison of HINI flu virus vs influenza âfluâ virus

a. Name of the virus(itself that causes the disease) . What type of viruses are they?

b. With HINI: what is the origin. Method of infection, and symptoms of the disorder

c. Why is the flu more prevalent in the winter time?

d. Provide rationales for the seemingly severe flu season/mortality rates we had this past season.

e. vaccines/latest technology for flu

7. Explain how the flu vaccine works: begin with injection and go up to the adaptive immune

response. DO NOT address the development or selection of lymphocytes . Also do not

include details of signal transduction either. Do not address Re-exposure.

--- For this part use outline format and you may include pictures to show the steps in this process

8. To Vaccinate or Not: Problems surrounding vaccines in general. Include your opinion, based on the

evidence presented(i.e. you can use a specific example(s) where there is controversy about a particular

vaccine). b. Is natural immunity better than vaccination? Why or why not?

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CSB351Y1 Lecture 13: Lecture 13

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