CSB447H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Pyruvate Carboxylase, Metabolic Pathway, Succinic Acid
Document Summary
Increased substrate storage (glycogen: utilize proton consuming reactions, more efficient or alternate fermentative pathways (>atp/glucose, minimize endproduct accumulation. Increased tissue buffering capacity: antioxidant defenses (sod, cat, gpox, metabolic rate depression: metabolic arrest and channel arrest. Note: the more reduced state of ethanol. Pyruvate is converted through a acid-aldehyde reaction that ends up producing ethanol. Glycolytic pathway lactate produced redox balance step that gives rise to the pasteur effect alanopine, tauropine, etc. all dehydrogenases/dehydrogenase reactions that serve the redox balance and pasteur effect production of ethanol some organisms produce acetate along with ethanol. Malate-aspartate shuttling mechanism: can oxidize nadh back to nad+ takes place in cytosol reducing equivalents are moving across cytosol and mitochondrial matrix proprionate: produced by bacteria can be converted back to succinate fumarate malate. Mammals can produce significant amounts of succinate, but you need to supply amino acids. Anoxia-tolerance is common amongst invertebrates these animals use the other anaerobic endproducts invertebrates, animals without.
