EAS209H1 Lecture : EAS209H1F Lecture Notes for Nov. 23, 2010

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greyimpala13

29 Nov 2010

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Introduction j 4 essays [eastern sentiment: geography/ space. N popular writer, editor, novelist during the colonial period. N wrote a lot about his personal life: characters similar to yi tae jun himself, essays j personal. N city of seoul j han river in the south. N majority of the city located north of the river. N wavy outside line j represents the city boundaries: redrawn in 1934 from previous boundaries. S city walls = periphery of the city. N gates j north, south, east, west: city boundary almost doubled. N peri-urb j refers to the surroundings of the city (periphery, neither city nor country-side: hon-machi ( ) urb. S variety of clothings: japanese, traditional korea, western, S colonial capital: hanyangsung city wall ( #, boundary space of the peri-urb. S within seoul metropolitan boundaries, but zl metropolitan. Just outside the city walls: after 1934 when city walls were redrawn, value of lands within city walls increased.

Related Questions

1. Grain Boundaries

A material composed of only one crystal is called a single crystal, a material which consists of two crystals is called

a bi-crystal, while a material composed of many grains is referred to as being polycrystalline. We described

a low angle, tilt grain boundary as being one which was composed of a series of edge dislocations spaced along the

plane of intersection between the two grains (crystals). In this exercise, you will investigate the relationship between

the magnitude of the tilt angle between the two grains, and the spacing between the edge dislocations along the

grain boundary. In the Picture file, you will find a slide with pairs of grains which have been tilted by 2Â°, 4Â°, or 6Â° from one another. Each square represents a cubic unit

cell and the axis of rotation is vertical, out of the page.

(a) For each pair of grains, move the grains so that they just overlap at the top of the drawing. You do NOT

need to perform any additional rotation of the grains. Print a copy of your slide for this step.

(b) A darker grey region should form in your image where the two crystal overlap. For each pair of grains,

remove unit cells from the left grain to eliminate the regions of overlap between the two crystals. It is Ok

to have some white regions between the two grains as the atoms adjacent to the white area will shift their

atomic positions to better accommodate the void. In general there will be much more open volume along

the grain boundary than in the unaffected region of the grain. Print a copy of your slide for this step.

(d) For each grain boundary, determine the spacing between edge dislocations, D, in terms of the lattice

parameter, a. Print a copy of your slide for steps (c) and (d).

(e) Circle the correct answer that completes the sentence below.

The spacing between edge dislocations, D, _______________ the tilt angle of the grain boundary.

(i) is independent of

(ii) is inversely proportional to

(iii) has a linear relationship with

(iv) has a quadratic relationship with

(f) Circle the correct answer that completes the sentence below.

A tilt grain boundary is one where the axis of rotation of the grains is _____________ the plane of the grain

boundary.

(i) parallel to

(ii) perpendicular to

(iii) is canted out of the plane by an angle ï¹ 90ï° from

(g) On your drawing of the 2ï° tilt boundary, draw a Burgerâs circuit around a perfect region of the crystal AND

around an edge dislocation. Clearly mark the start and end positions of your Burgerâs circuit AND identify

the Burgerâs vector, B as the vector pointing from the end to the start of the Burgerâs circuit. Print a copy

of your slide for this step.

Note: Twist grain boundaries are related to screw dislocations in a similar manner, but the pictures are much

more difficult to draw.

The right grain in each pair is an image, and it is the bottom object in the stack. The left grain has unit cells which are grouped but you can still manipulate/erase individual unit cells. It might be a bit tedious to erase many unit cells.

To minimize the effects and expansion of climate change, many nations, particularly those in Europe, are pushing hard for a global reduction in the use of:
a. genetically modified organisms.
b. pesticides.

c. solar energy. d. fossil fuels.

Universally around the globe, women employees earn less than their male counterparts. Although the difference in pay rates varies dramatically from one country to the next, women typically earn _____ less than men according to the International Trade Union Confederation.
a. close to 5%
b. close to 10%
c. close to 20%
d. close to 30%

In the U.S., an employer may engage in employee discrimination if it is "reasonably necessary to the normal operation of the particular business or enterprise," a defense known as the:
a. bona fide occupational qualification defense.
b. occupational qualification defense.

c. occupational exception defense. d. bona fide exception defense.

Traditionally, Chinese unions have differed from Western-style unions because:
a. union officials are often members of management as well.
b. their purpose is to avoid labor unrest, not to advocate for the interests of the workers. c. members to not have the right to strike.
d. all of the above.

In recent years, Japan has brought its stance on mergers more into line with international practices by revising its Antimonopoly Act to require:
a. horizontal mergers.
b. confidential prior consultation.

c. prior notification. d. all of the above.

silverturtle620

A bowed out PPF reflects which of the following ideas?

i.increasing opportunity cost

ii. resources are not equally productive in all activities

iii. prices of goods increase over time

		I only
		I and iii
		ii and iii
		I and ii

1 point

QUESTION 2

With no international trade, a country ________ consume at a point outside of its PPF; with international trade, a country ________ consume at a point outside of its PPF.

		can; cannot
		cannot; can
		cannot; cannot
		can; can

1 point

QUESTION 3

If the production possibilities frontier between two goods is a straight line, then the

		the line does not qualify as a production possibilities frontier because the unattainable production points are too close to the inefficient production points.
		opportunity cost is not a ratio.
		increasing opportunity costs.
		resources are equally productive in both goods.

1 point

QUESTION 4

As an economy produces more of one of the goods on a bowed out production possibilities frontier, what happens to the opportunity cost of producing the good?

		It might increase, decrease, or remain constant depending on how much people value the additional units of the good.
		It decreases.
		It increases.
		It remains constant.

1 point

QUESTION 5

"Comparative advantage" is defined as a situation in which one person can produce

		more of a good than another person.
		a good for a lower dollar cost than another person.
		a good for a lower opportunity cost than another person.
		more of all goods than another person.

1 point

QUESTION 6

When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, as more of one good is produced, its opportunity cost

		increases.
		decreases.
		might increase, decrease, or remain constant depending on how much people value the additional units of the good.
		remains constant.

1 point

QUESTION 7

A bowed out production possibility frontier shows that the

		opportunity cost relationship is linear.
		the opportunity cost of a good is constant as more of the good is produced.
		the opportunity cost of a good increase as more of the good is produced.
		the opportunity cost of a good decrease as more of the good is produced.

1 point

QUESTION 8

Which of the following statements is correct?

		The production possibilities frontier shows that there are no limits to production.
		Any point on or within the PPF is production efficient.
		If capital is idle, the economy is producing at its full potential.
		A tradeoff is a limit that forces an exchange or a substitution of one thing for something else.

1 point

QUESTION 9

A major earthquake occurs in the central part of the United States. What impact would this have on the nation's production possibilities frontier and why?

		A tradeoff would occur to replace the resources and goods destroyed.
		It would shift inward because some of the nation's resources, such as capital and labor, would be destroyed.
		It would shift outward because unemployment would be reduced.
		Nothing would happen because the nation would still have the same capabilities.

1 point

QUESTION 10

When a nation is producing on its production possibilities frontier, if more resources are used to produce one good, then the production of other goods

		must increase.
		must decrease.
		must remain the same.
		must change but they might increase or decrease.

1 point

QUESTION 11

Moving along a country's PPF, a reasonable opportunity costs increase is that

		unemployment increases as a country produce more and more of one good.
		unemployment decreases as a country produces more and more of one good.
		some resources are better suited for producing one good rather than the other.
		technology declines as a country produce more and more of one good.

1 point

QUESTION 12

A reason the production possibilities frontier exists is

		scarcity of resources and unlimited technology.
		unemployment.
		scarcity of resources.
		unlimited resources and technology.

1 point

QUESTION 13

Moving from one point to another on a production possibilities frontier implies

		increasing the production of one good and decreasing the production of another.
		increasing the production of both goods.
		decreasing the production of both goods.
		holding the production levels of both goods constant.

1 point

QUESTION 14

Specialization and trade make a country better off because with trade the country can consume at a point

		outside its production possibilities frontier.
		on its trading partner's production possibilities frontier.
		inside its production possibilities frontier.
		on its production possibilities frontier.

1 point

QUESTION 15

The production possibilities frontier is the

		the boundary between the combinations of goods and services that can be produced and the combinations that cannot be produced when technology is changing.
		the minimum output that can be produced when resources are used inefficiently.
		the boundary between the combinations of goods and services that can be produced and the combinations that cannot be produced, given the available factors of production and the state of technology.
		maximum output that can be produced at an opportunity cost of zero.

1 point

QUESTION 16

The opportunity cost of economic growth is ________ and the benefit of economic growth is ________.

		decreased current consumption; decreased future consumption
		decreased current consumption; increased future consumption
		increased current consumption; increased future consumption
		increased current consumption; decreased future consumption

1 point

QUESTION 17

In terms of a nation's production possibilities frontier, what impact does international trade have?

		International trade shifts the nation's production possibilities frontier outward.
		International trade shifts the production possibilities frontier outward for the goods that are exported and inward for the goods that are imported.
		International trade shifts the nation's production possibilities frontier inward.
		International trade allows the nation to consume at a point outside its production possibilities frontier.

1 point

QUESTION 18

The production possibilities frontier illustrates the

		goods and services that people want.
		limits to people's wants.
		resources the economy possesses, but not it is the level of technology.
		maximum combinations of goods and services that can be produced.

1 point

QUESTION 19

As we move along the production possibilities frontier,

		the possibilities of tradeoffs diminish.
		the production of one good increases as the production of the other good decreases.
		more of both goods can be produced.
		a tradeoff is not possible because nations need all goods.

1 point

QUESTION 20

What is the opportunity cost of economic growth?

		Eliminate scarcity
		Land.
		Capital goods.
		Consumption of goods.

1 point

QUESTION 21

Which of the following statements is correct?

i.As the economy grows, the opportunity costs of economic growth decrease.

ii. Economic growth has no opportunity cost.

iii. The opportunity cost of economic growth is current consumption forgone.

		ii only
		iii only
		I only
		I and iii

1 point

QUESTION 22

Does economic growth depend upon which of the following?

i. Increasing the quantity of labor.

ii. Lowering the prices of goods and services.

iii. Advancing technology.

		ii only.
		I only.
		I and iii.
		iii only.

1 point

QUESTION 23

When drawing a production possibilities frontier, which of the following is held constant?

		the amount of money in the economy
		the prices of goods and services
		the quantity of the goods and services that are produced
		the available factors of production and the state of technology

1 point

QUESTION 24

To increase its economic growth, a nation should

		encourage spending on goods and services.
		increase in current consumption.
		encourage education because that increases the quality of labor.
		limit the number of people in college because they produce nothing.

1 point

QUESTION 25

The opportunity cost of one more slice of pizza in terms of sodas is the

		some pizza slices we have to give up to get one extra soda.
		the total number of sodas that we have divided by the total number of pizza slices that we have.
		the total number of pizza slices that we have divided by the total number of sodas that we have.
		the number of sodas we have to give up to get one extra pizza slice.

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EAS209H1 Lecture : EAS209H1F Lecture Notes for Nov. 23, 2010

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