EEB225H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Null Hypothesis, Test Statistic, Statistical Parameter
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Asks how unusual it is to get data that differ from the null hypothesis. Could the small difference be due to: chance, bias, sampling error, etc. Hypothesis are about populations but are tested with data from samples. If the data would be quite unlikely under h0, we reject the h0: usually assumes that sampling is random. 4 steps: state hypothesis, estimate test statistic, evaluate test statistic by determining a p value, state conclusion. Null: a specific statement about a population parameter made for the purposes of argument: parameter is often 0 as in no effect, no difference, the simplest statement, objective: disprove null hypothesis; easier to gather data that contradicts. Alternate: represents all other possible parameters values except those in the null hypothesis: statement of greatest interest. A number calculated to represent the match between a set of data and the null hypothesis.