Slums, Favellas and Barrios
Dupont’s Article
• Argument: Housing, squatter and resettlement policies have shown an “antipoor
bias and propowerful preferential treatment”
• Housing policy failure and informal housing
• Massive squatter demolition program
• Resettlement has increased poverty
Urbanization Trend 1:
• Large scale growth
• Modernday levels of urbanization emerge after 1800
• Concentrate in the Atlantic Ocean System
• Large scale growth between 1850 and 1950 spreads out from North America and
Western Europe
• Large scale acceleration after 1945, in 2008 more than half of the world’s
population lived in cities, and large cities were found in most parts of the world.
Urbanization Trend 2:
• Urban growth in the Urban South
• Changing distribution of the world’s population as the “lessdeveloped” parts of
the world experience unprecedented urban growth
• Changing distribution of the world’s urban population as a significantly greater
number of the world’s city dwellers will live in ‘less developed’ regions
Urbanization Trend 3:
• The growing scale of cities and the growing number of large cities
Mega Cities
• More than 8 million people
• Key element of contemporary urbanization
• Origins go back 200 years
• 1800
◦ Beijing 1.1 m
◦ London 0.8 m
◦ Guangzhou 0.7 m
• Not in Europe even though Europe was the most industrialized of that time
• 1900
◦ London 6.5 m
◦ New York 4.2 m
◦ Paris 3.3 m
• 1950
◦ New York 12.3 m
◦ London 8.7 m
◦ Tokyo 6.9 m
• 2020
◦ Tokyo 37.3 m
◦ Mumbai 26 m
◦ Delhi 25.8
• Largest nonAsian country will be New York, 9th • Toronto is 52nd largest
• 2015 27 out of 33 megacities in less developed regions
• Asia will have 19 of them
• Most of growth outside of where traditional urbanization was found
• Fundamental change taking place but also prime downtown area squatters being
pushed out and higher class occupying these spaces
• Gangnam Shows Asia today
• Explaining Modernization Theory
◦ Walt Rostow: Modernization theorist who argued that the Third World
would ‘develop’ from the diffusion of First World political and economic
structures
◦ Stage 1
▪ traditional society
▪ subsistence, barter, agriculture
◦ Stage 2
▪ transitional stage
▪ specialization, surpluses, infrastructure
◦ Stage 3
▪ take off
▪ industrialization, growing investment, regional growth, political
change
◦ Stage 4
▪ drive to maturity
▪ diversification, growing investment, less reliance on imports,
investment
◦ Stage 5
▪ high mass consumption
▪ consumer oriented, durable goods flourish, service sector becomes
dominant
• Explaining Dependency Theory
◦ Two dependentists theorists Fernando Cardoso and Andre Gunder Frank
◦ Argument: LDC’s were unable to develop because of the power First
World nations and corporatio
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