HIS241H1 Lecture Notes - Petite Bourgeoisie, Second Industrial Revolution, Bourgeoisie

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Last 20 years, as much change as the preceeding 80 years. Production of steel changed approach to construction: not only bridges or railways, railways. Every european capital has beautiful railway stations sign of advancement. Electricity: lighting was brought in by power over, first street cars were introduced, 1890 first subways introduced in budapest. Toronto late 20th century brought in subways comparison. Greatest ills were treated/solved from this point on. Gonnerea treated with led originally; could kill individual. Concentration of labour: urbanization was rapily sped up, by end of the century, 80% of british population lived in urban centres. Same applies to germany & france albeit not to that extent. 1850 london london 1 million, greater london 2. 5 million. By end of 19th century 5 and 7 million. Eastern europe: huge change, vienna million, moscow/st. Fastest growing social class meant challenges: could represent it interests only by unionism seeking membership in unions, membership in said unions skyrocketed.

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