HIS109Y1 Lecture 13: LECTURE 13
04/11/2015
Lecture 13
The Thirty Years’ War
**Moie, The Hidde Valley
HUSSITES
A. VON WALLENSTEIN (1583-1634)
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS (D. 1632)
WESTPHALIA (1648)
RICHELIEU
• Different concepts and ideas of keeping piece
• Rise of Lutheranism and Calvinism caused instability throughout Europe and
international stage
• Change and instability
• Belief that a single religion was the only way to ensure salvation dangerous
• Name of religion was used as an ideology
• 30 years was
first worldwide war
changed the nature of Europe
soldiers would suffer the same fate as civilians (who were in danger too)
1609 Rudolph II granted ability to be Protestant
Rudolph II Ferdiad’s ousi, as a Roa Catholi faati, heaily iflueed
by Jesuits and ideas of counter-reformation
During the Middle Ages, there had been a tradition of election to the bohemian
crown (now they declared that Ferdinand was deposed, protestant prince was
elected, named Friedrich)
If the bohemians could get away with this, what would stop Austrians,
Hungarians, German states?
Spark was a tradition of Bohemia throwing people out the window as
punishment (dung broke falls, lives were saved)
Spanish army was sent by kings of Spain (other half of Hapsburgs)
Battle of White Mountain in 1620
Protestants lost, Friedrich lost his home (wife Elizabeth, the winter queen,
became seen as a romantic figure who followed her homeless husband)
Ferdinand re-elected king of Bohemia and brought in the Jesuits and handed
over everything including the educational system to them
King of Denmark was defeated by Wallenstein (one of the great generals of the
17th century)
Private army used against the Danish, army was renewed against them, wanted
Protestants killed
No sense of obligation towards protecting the poor, no one was innocent
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
04/11/2015
All the professional soldiers wanted to fight with Wallenstein
Ferdiad’s desire as to destroy Protestatis ad re-instate Catholicism
Edict of Restitution was an attempt to turn the clock back, take away Protestant
wealth and authority (states taken form them)
Fear in Europe
• Why was Protestantism able to survive this concentrated threat? (fear and jealousy of
Germans against the emperor)
• Germans wanted to rule independently
• The Princes of Germany realize they were being threatened by Hapsburg and Ferdinand
• Hapsburg obsessed with dynasty
• Pries of ger et to Ferdiad ad told hi that if he kept it up they ould’t elet
his son the next holy roman emperor
• Threat was enough o make Ferdinand question Wallenstein army
• What if Wall turned against him?
• Ferdinand 1630: dismissed Wallenstein as general
• Ferdinand kept dynasty in tact
• Not only German princes but also other states of Europe terrified of sense of unity in
holy roman empire
• If emperor Ferdinand succeeded in uniting Germany would be the strongest of
Europe
• Ferdinand now had instrument and ambition to do it
• Not just princes of Germany but almost everybody of Europe
• State most afraid and saw it clearly France, Cardinal Richelieu
• Realized centralized powerful state would threaten France
• Attempt to try to undo Ferdiad’s ambition and desire to re-impose roman Catholicism
• Rich knew what powerful glue religion could be in 1630
• France dealt with it by paying subsidies to protestant king of Sweden to lead armies
against Germany
Gustavus Adolphus
Managed to take marginal nation to powerful continent
New military techniques and technology
Zeal of religion singing Lutheran hymns when marching into battle
• Would make Gustavus the leader, proide great dager to Ferdiad’s aitions to
destroy Protestantism
• Only way to defeat France/Sweden was to rehire Wallenstein
• In 1631: two armies met, Wallenstein vs. Gustavus, the Swedes won in field control, lost
in that Gustavus died and Wallenstein had showed himself not to be brilliant self but to
be holding back
• What was clear is that Wallenstein was offended and frightened by dismissal, fear the
emperor would turn against him
• Double dealing: dealing with enemies, Swedes would be made King of Bohemia
himself, army not used against protestants
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Soldiers would suffer the same fate as civilians (who were in danger too) 1609 rudolph ii granted ability to be protestant. Rudolph ii (cid:894)ferdi(cid:374)a(cid:374)d"s (cid:272)ousi(cid:374)(cid:895), (cid:449)as a ro(cid:373)a(cid:374) catholi(cid:272) fa(cid:374)ati(cid:272), hea(cid:448)ily i(cid:374)flue(cid:374)(cid:272)ed by jesuits and ideas of counter-reformation. During the middle ages, there had been a tradition of election to the bohemian crown (now they declared that ferdinand was deposed, protestant prince was elected, named friedrich) If the bohemians could get away with this, what would stop austrians, Spark was a tradition of bohemia throwing people out the window as punishment (dung broke falls, lives were saved) Spanish army was sent by kings of spain (other half of hapsburgs) Protestants lost, friedrich lost his home (wife elizabeth, the winter queen, became seen as a romantic figure who followed her homeless husband) Ferdinand re-elected king of bohemia and brought in the jesuits and handed over everything including the educational system to them.
