HIS109Y1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Pope Leo X, Schmalkaldic League
Ibraheem Aziz Oct 19/2015
HIS109Y – L0101 Lec 10
The Reformation
• Martin Luther (1483-1546) was well-off, sent by father to law school in order to cement social
status of family
o Became an Augustine monk after so-called lighting strike
o Entered monastery seeking religious comfort and direction
o Feelings of inadequacy and worthlessness led him to become a terrific scholar
▪ Sent to University at Wittenberg; thrived due to his genius at scriptural studies
and cohesive environment
▪ Earned a doctorate in theology and began teaching at Wittenberg
o Felt an imperfection and sense of sin/guilt was overwhelming
o Luther determined that faith alone was sufficient to merit salvation
▪ Roman Catholic church ideals were useless in his eyes
o Indulgences were sold by a Dominican priest – concept of surplus goodness and
Treasury of Merit, dispersed by Pope to sinners through payment of money
▪ Idulgees ere used to fud the uildig payets for St. Peter’s Basilia
o Luther became angry due to this – nailed 95 theses to the door of the church in
Wittenberg Castle and accused Church of corruption on October 31st 1517
o Dominicans began losing indulgences and lost money
o Pope Leo X was elected pope and believed in enjoying the papacy through art and
culture – son of Lorenzo the Magnificent
▪ Saw argument as battle between Augustinians and Dominicans
▪ Eventually, Luther appealed German church to separate from Roman Catholic
rule
▪ Luther was excommunicated in 1520, summoned by Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V and ordered to have books burned
o Ideas of Luther spread through the usage of the printing press and were easily
accessible for cheap prices – this enabled revolution
o Revolution offered an alternative to Catholicism
o Duke of Saxon (secular lord of Martin Luther) provided refuge for Luther in his castle
o Luther was able to spread Lutheranism throughout Europe
▪ I Peasat’s Reolt of -, peasats took Luther’s essage of freedo
literally and attacked landlords
▪ Landlords slaughtered peasants by thousands
o Luther was not a popular revolutionary – in address to German nobility, believed that
Church had no jurisdiction over people (no canon law)
o Growth of secular power in Europe was a byproduct of the Reformation
o In 1529, lords gathered in Speyer to protest against Catholic rule (Protestants)
▪ In 1531, the Schmalkaldic League was formed in Germany to protect
Protestantism
▪ In 1555, compromise in Augsburg determined that religion of prince in German
state would determine the religion of all subjects
o Lutheran revolution was now stable and institutionalized
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
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