HMB200H1 Lecture : Sleep Disorders & Retina

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coppercattle724

10 Feb 2012

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Slow feedback pathways ants, flies, all vertebrates, humans. All cells have own rhythm, damped oscillation if. Scn maintains rhythm, more stably rhythmic, not restored by input (gradually disappears) molecular clock descending signals to parts of body to coordinate rhythms. Ex. to pineal gland in birds, heart, liver. Clock + cycle dimerize turn on expression. Dimerization of per & cry in mammals of cry & tim (+) feedback activates clock (-) feedback: gene transcription prot dimerization feedback. Found in fruit flies caseine kinase controlling. Photic influence mammals from retina (melanopsin- containing ganglion cells) Can still respond in absence of rods and cones. Release glutamate into scn glutamate double time modulator of (-) feedback loop (do help) controls photic influence into scn fixes cycle: within scn all cells fire rhymically since slow rhythm) Mostly tiny gaba cells (don"t need fast cells. O/h neurons found to be missing in affected. Like discovery of dop: unstanding of melanopsin changed understanding of patients retinal development.

Related Questions

PLEASE ANSWER ALL THESE QUESTIONS I REALLY NEED THEM.

25. What is the most important discussion of the interdisciplinary team at regularly scheduled meetings.

A. Care access issues

B. Standard dized testing resulting

C. Risk reduction assessment

D. Complaince issues

26. What should be the nurse's primary consideration while allowing for patient autonomy and reducing risk when dealing with end of life care ?

A.stage of illness

B. Cognitive impairment

C. Weight

D. Age

27. Whicn statement from a nurse would indicate good judgment when considering common myths regarding physical restraint use ?

A. Alternatively to physical restraints are unavailable

B. Inadequate staffing causes the need for physical restraint use.

C. Failure to restrain puts individuals at risk for legal liability

D. Risk of falls exists when restraints are used.

28. A 66 year- old patient lives alone and has a BMI of 32, as well as diabetes. As the nurse begins to encourage the patient to increase current levels of physical activity, the nurse should recognize common barriers identified by the elderly. Which barrier to physical activity is least common for the elderly?

A. Finding safe area to walk

B. Swelling of ankles

C. Having pain from arthritis

D. Experience fatigue

29. An 81-year-old patient is a new resident in Hill Side Nursing Home. Upon admission the patient had a Braden score of 17. Which statement would indicate that the RN on duty lacks understanding that the patient is at risk for pressure ulcers?

A. The primary risk factor is immobility.

B. The primary risk factor is a BMI < 24

C. The primary risk factor is polypharmacy

D. The primary risk factor is malnutrition

30. Harriett is a 92-year-old who lives in assisted living; she recently fell and broke her hip. Harriet and her family would like to keep Harriet safe and at the highest level of independence on her return to her accommodations from the hospital. Which action should the nurse take to help Harriet and her family ?

A. Counsel about home safely assessments

B. Tell Harriet to become active in the local Tai Chi program

C. Discuss the rate of unintentional injuries for older aldults

D. Have Harriet and her family request a daily room check by staff

31. Sharron is a 90- year-old female who lived in Asia for most of her life and is a nonnative English speaker. She recently had emergency gallbladder surgery. Which nursing action would be best to do before discharging Sharron back to her accommodations?

A. Explore her use of alternative medicines

B. Explore English as a second language lessons

C. Explore aromatherapy for relaxation purposes

D. Explore counciling for depression options.

32. Agnes is a 77 year old who lost her husband last year and has congestive heart failure. She has a move in with her son Alex. She has been brought to the ER by Alex who says she is short of breath. He doesn't know how long she has been in the state, nor does he know the medication she should be on. What is the nursing priority?

A. Admit and stabilize the patient

B. Call Agne's daughter

C. Contact social services

D. Ask the son if he is overwhelmed

33. Duke is a 90 year old male with Alzheimer's Dementia living in a nursing home. Recently he has been experiencing sun downing. Which solutions should the nurse consider?

A. Restraining the patient in a chair in lobby area where he can see people.

B. Putting the patient in a room by himself with low light and a closed door

C. Giving the patient nonpharmacologic treatments such as putting the patient in a well lit room

D. Giving the patient Alprazolam to calm him down.

34. Ruth is a 75 year old residing in an assisted living facility and is at risk for fluid volume deficit. Which nursing action would ensure the most accurate monitoring of Ruth's fluid status in a co-created plan of care? Choose 2 answer

A. Measure and record fluid intake and output.

B. Check for crackles in the lungs every shift

C. Ask Ruth to weight each day at the same time

D. Take the vital signs assessed every 4 hours.

35. Which activity would be helpful for older adult to engage in to prevent or interrupt the course of frailty?

A. maintaining social relationships

B. Taking a medication for each chronic disease/ disorder

C. Avoiding travel D. Sleeping greater than 10 hours daily.

Q36 What

should the nurse first instruct the older adult to do when the older adult is beginning an exercise program

A Purchase new gym shoes

B work out until you sweat

C Purchase membership at nearby gym D proceed with low intensity and moderat

Question 2

The DSM-IV describes an "Eating Disorder Not OtherwiseSpecified" as:

self-starvation that leads to severe nutrient deficiencies

compulsive eating disorder

a variety of atypical eating behaviors used to maintain or lowerbody weight

recurrent episodes of extreme overeating followed byself-induced vomiting

Question 3

The nutrition paradox refers to:

coexistance of underweight and obesity in the same region

too mucn vitamin A in foods rich in vitamin C

poor countries that have excessive rates of obesity

obese children from nonobese parents

Question 4

Which of the following represents a nutrition transition?

decreased reliance on carbohydrates

increased consumption of sugar

increased availibility of maize over corn

lower-fat subsistence crops

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT part of the GOBI initiative?

breast-feeding

obesity control

immunization

growth monitoring

Question 6

Which of the following is a response to the drawbacks of theGreen Revolution?

WIC

high yield varities of grains

sustainable agriculture

biotechnology

Flag this Question

Question 70.5 pts

Worldwide, the major cause of undernutrition is:

unequal distribution of food

diseases (like AIDS)

poor farming practices

overpopulation

Question 8

Which agency monitors all confirmed causes of food-borneillness?

EPA

FDA

CDC

USDA

Question 9

In which of the following environments does Clostridiumbotulinum flourish?

acidic

alkaline

<40 degrees F

> 140 degrees F

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of food intoxication?

Norwalk virus

Salmonella

hepatitis A

Clostridium botulinum

Question 11

All of the following describe characteristics of the femaleathlete triad EXCEPT

menstrual dysfunction

disordered eating

hypertension

osteoporosis

Question 12

Impulsive, low self-esteem, seeks attention, extroverted, anderratic describe personality traits of:

bulemia nervosa

binge-eating disorder

obesity

anorexia nervosa

Question 13

Obsessive-compulsive, perfectionism, socially inhibited,compliant, and emotionally restrained describe personality traiatsof

binge-eating disorder

anorexia nervosa

bulimia nervosa

obesity

Question 14

The Institute of Medicine recommends a minimum of ________minutes of physical activity each day for adults.

Question 15

Regular exercise reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes by all butwhich of the following?

decreases the cellular uptake of blood glucose

delays the onset of complications of type 2 diabetes

increases control of blood glucose

enhances the action of insulin

Question 16

What is meant by the overload principle?

stretching a muscle group beyond the joint's healthy range ofmotion

improving fitness by placing extra physical demand on thebody

complete depletion of the body's glycogen

subjecting the body to inappropriately high stress

Question 17

The acronym FIT stands for:

fatigue, intensity, and training.

flexibility, increase, and training.

fitness, increase, and time.

frequency, intensity, and time.

Question 18

To achieve cardiorespiratory fitness it is recommended thattraining should occur ________.

3-5 days a week

daily

more than 5 days a week

2-3 days a week

Question 19

To achieve and maintain physical fitness, exercise intensityshould be ________ of the maximal heart rate.

35-50%

15-25%

25-30%

50-80%

Question 20

In which of the following types of exercise would CP (creatinephosphate) be an important source of energy?

biking up a mountain

sprinting in the 100-meter race

running a 10-kilometer road race

playing in a football game

Question 21

Which is NOT an advantage of aerobic metabolism over anaerobicmetabolism?

Much more energy is produced for every fuel molecule.

Aerobic metabolism acts more quickly.

Harmful metabolites do not accumulate as quickly.

A greater fuel supply is available.

Question 22

An unwanted effect of an overly vigorous warm-up is:

increased muscle temperature.

glycogen depletion.

increased body temperature.

reduced stress levels.

Question 23

Each day Bill power-walks for 45 minutes. Which fuel source(s)provide(s) energy during this activity?

amino acids

glucose

fatty acids

fatty acids and glucose

Question 24

The main disadvantage of using fat as a fuel is:

the body's limited storage capability.

its low energy density.

its slow metabolic breakdown.

the limitation of anaerobic metabolism.

Question 25

Joseph plays basketball for his high school team and he isconcerned that he is not consuming enough kilocalories to supporthis activity. Which of the following would be the best indicatorthat he is not consuming adequate kilocalories?

His hemoglobin is low.

His blood glucose levels are low.

His performance has been impaired.

He is losing weight.

Question 26

Rachel is a gymnast who trains 2 hours/day on average. Shesupports her daily activity by consuming 2,500 kilocalories perday. How many kilocalories should she be consuming fromcarbohydrate sources?

1,500-1,625 kilocalories

1,125-1,300 kilocalories

1,300-1,500 kilocalories

1,625-1,750 kilocalories

Question 27

The best time to replenish glycogen stores is:

the day after exercising.

a few hours before exercising.

the day before exercising.

right after exercising.

Question 28

In which of the following events would carbohydrate loading bethe most beneficial?

cross country skiing

baseball game

weight lifting

100-yard dash

Question 29

Osteoporosis, eating disorders, dehydration, and heat illnessare all possible consequences of:

the Zone diet.

carbohydrate loading.

inadequate dietary intake.

overtraining.

Question 30

Which of the following is the most potentially harmful?

heat syncope

heatstroke

heat cramps

heat exhaustion

Question 31

Which of the following athletes would be LEAST likely to developiron deficiency anemia?

a female marathon runner

a male basketball player who is a vegan

a female gymnast

a male distance swimmer

Question 32

Amenorrhea, sometimes seen in female athletes, is:

the onset of menstruation.

osteoporosis.

the loss of the menstrual cycle.

frequent diarrhea.

Question 33

Some athletes believe that caffeine can enhance athleticperformance because it has been shown to:

increase the transport of amino acids to exercising muscle.

increase muscle flexibility and strength.

increase the use of fatty acids as a fuel source.

regenerate ATP for energy.

Question 34

Which of the following ergogenic aids has been shown to enhanceshort-term exercise and resistance training?

chromium picolinate

creatine

carnatine

ephedrine

Question 35

Consuming processed foods as opposed to whole foods decreasesthe risk of contracting a food-borne illness.

True

False

Question 36

Regular physical activity can increase HDL-cholesterol.

True

False

Question 37

Nearly 1 in 6 American adults reports getting no physicalactivity at all.

True

False

Question 38

Lactic acid is a by-product of high-intensity exercise.

True

False

Question 39

Training can enhance the ability to store glycogen.

True

False

Question 40

The primary fuel source utilized in both anaerobic and aerobicexercise is protein (amino acids).

True

False

Question 41

Studies suggest that athletes need to consume more than 2grams/kg of protein each day to maintain muscle strength.

True

False

Question 420.5 pts

Refigerating or freezing foods will kill any bacteria present inthe food.

True

False

Question 43

Most athletes do not consume enough protein to support theiradded physical activity.

True

False

Question 44

Thirst is a very reliable indicator of dehydration.

True

False

HMB200H1 Lecture : Sleep Disorders & Retina

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