HMB200H1 Lecture 18: Lecture 18

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coppercattle724

15 Aug 2012

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Announcement: ramsay wright on march 30 sheep brains. Increased activity in amygdala, mediodorsal thal, medial orbitofrontal cortex. Benzodiazepines inhibit amygdala & many other areas: act on gabaa recs (most neurons in brain = gaba) so. Electroconvulsive therapy blocks depression quickly best across frontal areas. Remote long term memories affected by ect and cingulate lesions. Genes & depression: women more susceptible by 2x for depr and anxiety. Also, activate hypothalamus feeding/energy system for weight loss: produce long term effects in brain evaluation as well as anxiety, reduce activity in limbic-frontal cortex areas, antidepressants slowly increase synapse growth (ex. in. Increase energy by activity hypothal feeding & energy centres dentate gyrus) & neurogenesis slow therapeutic action; led to by serotonin increase but not clear how. Improves longterm thinking about problems: act on old limbic systems that produce irrational thoughts. Cognitive therapy inhibits other frontal areas: more effective together w ssris. Electroconvulsive shock still used occasionally, e. g. suicide, poor drug effect.

Related Questions

Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that serve as positiveallosteric modulators of the GABA_A receptor by bindingto their own "site" on the aforementioned receptor. By doing thisthey produce euphoria and a wide range of effects characteristic ofCentral Nervous System (CNS) depression (e.g. anxiolysis, sedation,amnesia, mental confusion, muscle relaxant effects).

I know that an interaction with the mesolimbic dopamine("reward") pathway would have to come in somewhere but where? Ialso know that GABAergic neurons downregulate activity in themesolimbic dopamine pathway and that this is how opioids andcannabinoids induce euphoria -- they inhibit the release of GABAfrom presynaptic neurons in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. I justfind that this would be confusing in the case of benzodiazepinessince they increase GABA activity, presumably also in themesolimbic dopamine pathway thus producing dysphoria and noteuphoria.

I just would like to know how they manage to induceeuphoria in full (what they do to increase activity in themesolimbic dopamine pathway that thus leads toeuphoria)

Please cite journal articles to substantiate your claims.

Nervous System (answer them all with "just few words no need for details" and I will rate you.

1-What are the three key senses of the hypothalamus? What did we call the hypothalamus in the homeostatic regulation of body temperature? What endocrine gland is regulated by the hypothalamus?

2-The pineal gland secretes hormones that regulate circadian rhythms. Melatonin is the primary hormone that regulates these cyclical processes in the human body. How is its secretion regulated? Are plasma levels of melatonin high or low in the daytime? How could you induce sleep during the day without ingestion of any chemicals or medicine?

3-What are the neurotransmitters involved in mood? Anxiety? Pharmacologically, how is altered mood (i.e., depression) treated? Can you explain the mechanism of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) example provided? Pharmacologically, how is anxiety treated? Can you explain the mechanism of the benzodiazepine example provided?

1) Interpretation of emotion isgoverned by the ___, and expression of emotion is governed by the___.

a. hippocampus, limbic system

b. limbic system, prefrontalcortex

c. hypothalamus,hippocampus

d. prefrontal cortex,amygdala

2) When a neurotransmitter opensa chemically gated ion channel that allows sodium to enter thepostsynaptic cell and depolarize it, the result is an:

A: EPSP

B: IPSP

3) The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary controlover skeletal muscles is the ____ division.

a. autonomic motor

b. somatic sensory

c. somatic motor

d. visceral sensory

4) The cranial nerve responsible for movement ofthe medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferioroblique muscles is the __________ nerve.

a. oculomotor

b. trochlear

c. abducens

d. trigeminal

5) The superior colliculi helpyou respond to:

a. somatic stimuli, for example,when you swat at a bug that has landed on your arm

b. visual stimuli, for example,when you turn toward a bright flash of light

c. internal stimuli from yourviscera, for example, when you feel abdominal pain

d. auditory stimuli, for example,when you turn toward a loud bang

6) Glial cells differ from neurons in thatthey:

a. transmit nerve impulses muchmore slowly

b. are found only in thePNS

c. are smaller and capable of mitosis

d. are larger and capable of mitosis

7) Association areas:

a. correlate similar functions from the same lobes on theopposite side of the brain

b. integrate new sensory inputs with memories of pastexperiences

c. correlate similar functions from different lobes on the sameside of the brain

d. correlate information from opposite sides of the brain

8) This is the site of protein synthesis in a neuron

a. Mitochondria

b. Nucleus

c. Nissl body

d. Golgi body

please please help me....... T_T

ivorygoldfish181

HMB200H1 Lecture 18: Lecture 18

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