HMB265H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Adult Stem Cell, Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer, Aniridia
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HMB265H1 Full Course Notes
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Model organisms: drosopihila: reverse, forward genetics, stem cells and cloning, embryonic patterning. Gap, pair-rule, segment polarity genes: homeotic genes and mutations (hox genes) Many have been used, and are excellent, for development studies. Easy of growth and reproduction, in large numbers in the lab (primary reason) Many phenotypes, lots of tools available for these organisms. Genes and pathways are conserved and their genomes sequenced. We can build on knowledge gained from them to understand molecular mechanisms better. Useful for development because evolution has conserved strategies of development across many multicellular mechanisms. You can understand what you learned in drosophila and relate it back to mammals and humans. Homologous gene to eyeless is pax-6 in mice. Knockout leads to eyeless phenotype - share the similarity at genetic level. Homologous gene to eyeless is aniridia in humans. Also involved in eye development - slightly different function, however. Individual with one defective copy is characterised by loss of iris instead of eye.